Background and aims Febrile seizures are the most common form of seizures in children. They occur in 2%–5% of children aged 6 months to 5 years. They are classically associated with a positive familial history of febrile seizures and high fever occurring during various acute infections.

The aim of this study is to establish if febrile seizures are significant correlated with certain acute febrile diseases.

Methods A retrospective study was initiated including all the children admitted in ‘Dr.Victor Gomoiu’ Children’s Hospital for an acute febrile infection from January 2016 till January 2017; we have found a total of 4577 children.

Among them those admitted for upper respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, viral gingivostomatitis and viral enterocolitis were counted individually.

Further in each category mentioned above those who also had a febrile seizure during the present acute febrile disease were counted.

Finally the statistically significance of the correlation between each category of acute febrile disease listed above and the occurrence of febrile seizures was assessed (statistically significant: p<0,05).

Results Among those 4577 children admitted in our clinic 841 (18.37%) had upper respiratory infection, 2695 (58.88%) had lower respiratory infection, 160 (3.49%) had urinary tract infection, 75 (1.63%) had viral gingivostomatitis and 806 (17.6%) had viral enterocolitis.

A total of 125 (2.73%) children had a febrile seizure; 70 (56%) of them had upper respiratory infection (p<0,01), 22 (17.6%) had lower respiratory infection (p<0,01), 5 (4%) had urinary tract infection (p=0,903), 6 (4.8%) had viral gingivostomatitis (p<0,05) and 22 (17.6%) had viral enterocolitis (p=0,99).

Conclusions Respiratory tract infections are the most frequent causes of fever in children admitted in our clinic for febrile seizures with a rate of 73.6%, followed by viral enterocolitis (17.6%),viral gingivostomatitis (4.8%), and urinary tract infection (4%).

These results are in concordance with those from the most recent studies published in medical literature.