Online First
September 30, 2022
September 28, 2022
- Original researchSuccessful integration of newborn genetic testing into UK routine screening using prospective consent to determine eligibility for clinical trials
This study looked at the use of prospective consent for participation in a study using the newborn screening blood spot to evaluate a genetic risk score for Type 1 Diabetes. This score was used to identify individuals who were offered an opportunity to participate in an interventional trial. The methodology provides a model for future clinically relevant population based genetic research.
- Drug therapyUse of xylometazoline in hospitalised infants: is it safe? A retrospective cohort study
Xylometazoline spray or drops were evaluated for safety when used for nasal decongestion in infants less than 2 years of age in a Dutch study - and the study concludes they appear to be safe.
September 27, 2022
- ReviewLiver disease in adolescents
This article gives an overview of liver disease in adolescents, covering initial evaluation, clinical management, and the importance of a holistic and developmentally appropriate approach.
September 26, 2022
- Original researchInfluence of epidemics and pandemics on paediatric ED use: a systematic review
Through a systematic review, the authors assessed the impact of epidemics and pandemics on the utilisation of paediatric emergency care services, and found that epidemics have profound but extremely variable effects.
- Original researchImpact of different nebulisation systems on patient comfort in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled cross-over trial
There is currently little evidence of clinical benefit for the use of nebulized therapy for bronchiolitis. In this study nebulization via high flow nasal cannulae was better tolerated than a traditional jet nebulization system. Thus, there may be an opportunity to revaluate clinical efficacy of nebulized therapy using a better tolerated system.
September 13, 2022
- Drug therapyPharmacokinetics and tolerability of intranasal or intravenous administration of nalbuphine in infants
Swiss study to measure the pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine in babies when given intravenously and (more importantly) intranasally - generating important evidence supporting less invasive methods of administration.
September 09, 2022
- Original researchLateral flow test performance in children for SARS-CoV-2 using anterior nasal and buccal swabbing: sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values
Swabbing children for SARS-CoV-2, what might lateral flow tests tell us?
- Original researchInsights from and limitations of data linkage studies: analysis of short-stay urgent admission referral source from routinely collected Scottish data
National linked data have potential to provide insights in unplanned healthcare utilisation patterns, as suggested by this Scottish dataset linking admissions, emergency and primary care. However, quality & scope of coverage needs to improve before reliable conclusions are drawn.
- Original researchEpistaxis duration predicts bleeding in immune thrombocytopenia: a cohort study
This paper helps address the perennial problem of knowing which child with acute ITP is likely to suffer a significant bleed in the days, weeks and months following diagnosis. Reviewing an extensive cohort of patients the authors have identified that the risk of a 'serious/significant' bleed in the 12 months following the diagnosis of ITP is significantly increased in children who have epistaxis at presentation of greater than 30 minutes duration.
September 07, 2022
- Global child healthIncidence and aetiology of infant Gram-negative bacteraemia and meningitis: systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review confirms the disproportionate burden of Gram negative infections in low and middle income countries, compared to high income countries.
- Global child healthSickle cell disease in children: an update of the evidence in low- and middle-income settings
Systematic review of the management of sickle cell disease in low and middle income countries. It is both an excellent commentary of the state of this disease in high and low income settings, and up-to-date guideline for treating sickle cell disease in all settings
- Global child healthVitamin D deficiency in South-East Asian children: a systematic review
Vitamin D deficiency remains underdiagnosed worldwide, with significant impacts on many aspects of child health. The high rates of seemingly healthy children in southeast Asia commonly suffering from this condition help bring attention to this hidden form of malnutrition.
- Global child healthTraining packages for the use of child development tools in low/middle-income countries: a review
Essential to improvements in overall child health is an emphasis on helping children thrive as well as survive. This new emphasis will require a well-trained healthcare workforce in this regard. This paper reviews child development training packages in resource-limited settings.
September 06, 2022
- Global child healthEnhancing respiratory disease diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage in Kashmir: an audit of findings
In Low and Middle Income Countries, diagnosis of respiratory disease in the absence of sophisticated microbiology is often difficult. This study from Kashmir illustrates how, logistically feasible, bronchoalveolar lavage can enhance both time and validity of investigation.
- Paediatric Emergency MedicineRate of invasive bacterial infection in recently vaccinated young infants with fever without source
This secondary analysis of observational registry data compared the rates of IBI (bacterial pathogen in blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants between 42 and 90 days of age who had and had not been vaccinated in the previous 48 hours and conclude that UTI screening remains appropriate, but with further study the need for IBI screening in recently vaccinated infants could be revisited.
September 05, 2022
- Original researchDiagnostic test accuracy of dipstick urinalysis for diagnosing urinary tract infection in febrile infants attending the emergency department
This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy of dipstick urinalysis for the detection of urinary tract infections in febrile infants (<90 days) in the ED. The authors found that point-of-care urinalysis is moderately sensitive and highly specific for diagnosing UTI in this population.
September 02, 2022
August 30, 2022
August 26, 2022
- Original researchAntibiotic use in ambulatory care for acutely ill children in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review analyzed studies including over 11 million children to determine the rate and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for acutely ill children in outpatient settings. They found high prescribing rates, and differences only partially explained by diagnosis.
August 25, 2022
- Original researchEffective healthcare communication with children and young people: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators
A systematic review of qualitative studies exploring evidence from children and young people on what makes for effective communication in healthcare, with suggestions for reflection in practice.
August 23, 2022
- Original researchUnravelling the role of the mandatory use of face covering masks for the control of SARS-CoV-2 in schools: a quasi-experimental study nested in a population-based cohort in Catalonia (Spain)
Does mandating the wearing of face coverings reduce COVID-19 transmission in young school children? This study finds no difference in SARS-CoV-2 incidence or transmission between 6 year olds (who were mandated to wear masks) and 5 year olds (who were not).
August 12, 2022
August 11, 2022
August 10, 2022
- Original researchMachine learning forecasting for COVID-19 pandemic-associated effects on paediatric respiratory infections
Retrospective study looking at Machine Learning Forecasting for Covid 19 Pandemic Associated effects on paediatric respiratory viruses.
- Images in paediatricsBCG reactivation in an infant with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
August 08, 2022
- Original researchPulse oximetry respiratory monitoring for assessment of acute childhood wheeze
This study utilises pulse oximetry wave forms to measure respiratory rate and plusus paradoxus, providing real time objective measurements of these parameters.
August 05, 2022
- Original researchTwenty-year observational study of paediatric tonsillitis and tonsillectomy
Tonsillectomy rates fell in the decade after the introduction of objective thresholds in UK formal guidance, while the rising trend in tonsillitis admissions continued. Both were higher among children living in more deprived areas.
July 28, 2022
- Original researchTrajectories of transgender adolescents referred for endocrine intervention in England
This paper presents the endocrine treatment trajectories of a cohort of gender-diverse adolescents attending the largest child gender service in Europe.
July 26, 2022
July 22, 2022
July 21, 2022
- Original researchFamilies’ experiences of central-line infection in children: a qualitative study
In this qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of caregivers of children with central-venous access devices, families report that living with the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections poses important burdens on families that impact their physical and emotional well-being.
July 20, 2022
- Original researchCommunity seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in England, 2019–2021
How many children have antibody to COVID-19 before they are vaccinated? This community seroprevalance study finds about a third of children with antibody to COVID (although this varies by age and ethnicity). In children <10-years there were no symptoms or symptom clusters that reliably predicted seropositivity.
July 19, 2022
July 18, 2022
- Original researchEvolution of paediatric eating disorders in Singapore: a historical cohort study
An epidemiological study depicting the evolution of paediatric eating disorders over the last 30 years in Singapore and the region.
- Original researchDischarge outcome analysis of 1089 transgender young people referred to paediatric endocrine clinics in England 2008–2021
This paper reports post-discharge outcomes of a large national cohort of transgender and gender variant young people who were referred by the NHS Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) to, and discharged from, the two English NHS paediatric endocrine liaison centres clinics.