Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on
scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and …

All terrestrial ecosystems consist of aboveground and belowground components that interact
to influence community-and ecosystem-level processes and properties. Here we show how …

Traditional approaches to the study of food webs emphasize the transfer of local primary
productivity in the form of living plant organic matter across trophic levels. However, dead …

Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) and sickle cell disease (SCD) are severe
monogenic diseases with severe and potentially life-threatening manifestations. BCL11A is …

The notion of 'washback'is common in the language teaching and testing literature, and tests
are held to be powerful determiners of what happens in classrooms. Claims are made for …

Language Test Construction and Evaluation describes the process of language test
construction clearly and comprehensively. Each chapter deals with one stage of the test …

Over 100 gigatons of terrestrial plant biomass are produced globally each year. Ninety
percent of this biomass escapes herbivory and enters the dead organic matter pool, thus …

For centuries ecologists have studied how the diversity and functional traits of plant and
animal communities vary across biomes. In contrast, we have only just begun exploring …

Spontaneously arising (de novo) mutations have an important role in medical genetics. For
diseases with extensive locus heterogeneity, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the …

Planning and decision-making can be improved by access to reliable forecasts of ecosystem
state, ecosystem services, and natural capital. Availability of new data sets, together with …