Background Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychological …

Context Low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the
strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been …

Worldwide prevalence of childhood obesity has increased greatly during the past three
decades. The increasing occurrence in children of disorders such as type 2 diabetes is …

Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common
diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome …

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic
traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for …

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive
to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥ 140 mm …

To identify genetic variants influencing plasma lipid concentrations, we first used genotype
imputation and meta-analysis to combine three genome-wide scans totaling 8,816 …

Abstract The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a
transgenerational prospective observational study investigating influences on health and …

Abstract Summary The Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (ALSPAC) was
established to understand how genetic and environmental characteristics influence health …

Observational epidemiological studies suffer from many potential biases, from confounding
and from reverse causation, and this limits their ability to robustly identify causal …