Although fine-needle aspiration is being currently accepted as the most reliable method to select patients with thyroid nodules for surgery, controversy remains about the accuracy in distinguishing benign nodules. We present our results from 636 fine-needle aspirations performed from 1984 to 1989. Our article focuses on the value of cytologic expertise and repeated punctures for follow-up of benign nodules. We found annual figures for specificity and positive predictive value to increase steadily from 1984 to 1989, thus suggesting that the power of the test is proportional to the experience of the cytologist. We also state that the value of performing repeated punctures for the follow-up of unselected benign nodules is low.