Communicating doses of pediatric liquid medicines to parents/caregivers: a comparison of written dosing directions on prescriptions with labels applied by dispensed pharmacy

J Pediatr. 2014 Mar;164(3):596-601.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.11.007. Epub 2013 Dec 22.

Abstract

Objective: To identify and compare volumetric measures used by healthcare providers in communicating dosing instructions for pediatric liquid prescriptions to parents/caregivers.

Study design: Dosing instructions were retrospectively reviewed for the 10 most frequently prescribed liquid medications dispensed from 4 community pharmacies for patients aged ≤ 12 years during a 3-month period. Volumetric measures on original prescriptions (ie, milliliters, teaspoons) were compared with those utilized by the pharmacist on the pharmacy label dispensed to the parent/caregiver.

Results: Of 649 prescriptions and corresponding pharmacy labels evaluated, 68% of prescriptions and 62% of pharmacy labels communicated dosing in milliliters, 24% of prescriptions and 29% of pharmacy labels communicated dosing in teaspoonfuls, 7% of prescriptions and 0% of pharmacy labels communicated dosing in other measures (ie, milligrams, cubic centimeters, "dose"), and 25% of dispensed pharmacy labels did not reflect units as written in the prescription.

Conclusion: Volumetric measures utilized by healthcare professionals in dosing instructions for prescription pediatric oral liquid medications are not consistent. Healthcare professionals and parents/caregivers should be educated on safe dosing practices for liquid pediatric medications. Generalizability to the larger pediatric population may vary depending on pharmacy chain, location, and medications evaluated.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Caregivers
  • Child, Preschool
  • Communication
  • Drug Labeling*
  • Drug Prescriptions*
  • Humans
  • Medication Errors / prevention & control
  • Parents
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations / administration & dosage*
  • Pharmaceutical Solutions / administration & dosage*
  • Pharmacies
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Weights and Measures*

Substances

  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Pharmaceutical Solutions