Two children underwent acute hemodialysis using high-efficiency dialysis membranes for vancomycin intoxication (plasma levels 238 microg/ml and 182 microg/ml). During a 3-h treatment, plasma vancomycin removal was on average 60%, with a calculated vancomycin half-life (t(1/2)) of 2 h. This is in contrast to a recent report using charcoal hemoperfusion for vancomycin intoxication (plasma level of 137 microg/ml), which resulted in a 40% relative plasma clearance and a calculated vancomycin t(1/2) of 12.5 h for a 4-h treatment. The choice of optimal modality for clearing a toxin should take into account the availability of equipment, protein or lipid binding of the toxin, and inherent risks of charcoal hemofiltration (large extracorporeal circuit, reversible hypocalcemia, heat loss, reversible coagulation defects) versus risks of high-efficiency hemodialysis (large extracorporeal circuit).