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Screening and follow-up of children exposed to tuberculosis cases, Luanda, Angola

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This prospective study enrolled children aged < 5 years with reported contact with adult tuberculosis (TB) patients in Angola. The study sample consisted of 124 children: 70 (56.5%) were active TB cases, 22 (17.7%) had latent TB infection (LTBI) and 32 (25.8%) were TBe xposed; 14 (20%) were human immunode ciency virus positive. After 6 months of follow-up, 31.8% of the LTBI cases had evolved to active TB and 9.4% of the non-infected children had developed active TB. The strategy of simultaneous chest X-ray and TB skin test used in this study was effective; despite this protocol, however, 31.8% LTBI children developed active TB.

Spanish
En el presente estudio prospectivo en Angola se incluyeron niños de < 5 años de edad con contacto conocido con un paciente adulto con tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar. La muestra consistió en 124 niños. Se encontraron 70 casos de TB activa (56,5%), 22 casos de infección tuberculosa latente (LTBI; 17,7%) y 32 casos sin infección (25,8%); 14 niños (20%) presentaron un resultado positivo para el virus de la inmunode ciencia humana. Después de 6 meses de seguimiento, el 31,8% de los casos de LTBI evolucionó hacia la enfermedad activa y 9,4% de niños no infectados padeció TB activa. La estrategia de realización simultánea de una radiografía de tórax y una prueba cutánea de la tuberculina en este estudio fue e caz; pese a este protocolo, el 31,8% de n iños con LTBI contrajo la enfermedad activa.

French
Cette étude prospective, menée en Angola, a recruté des enfants âgés de < 5 ans chez qui des contacts avaient été signalés avec des patients adultes atteints de tuberculose (TB). L'échantillon a comporté 124 enfants. Il y a eu 70 cas de maladie TB active (56,5%), 22 cas d'infection tuberculeuse latente (LTBI ; 17,7%) et 32 cas non-infectés (25,8%). Le test sérologique pour le virus de l'immunodé cience humaine a été positif chez 14 en- fants (20%). Après 6 mois de suivi, 31,8% des cas de LTBI avaient évolué vers une TB active et 9,4% des e nfants non-infectés avaient développé une TB active. La stratégie comportant un cliché thoracique et un test cutané tuberculinique simultanés, utilisée dans cette étude, s'est avérée ef ciente ; en dépit de ce protocole, 31,8% des enfants atteints de LTBI ont développé une TB active.

Keywords: CHILD; CONTROL; TUBERCULOSIS

Document Type: Research Article

Affiliations: 1: Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Publication date: 01 October 2011

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