SPECIAL ARTICLE
Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: Psychiatric Disorders in the First Three Months

https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199701000-00022Get rights and content

ABSTRACT

Objective

To assess predictive factors of psychiatric outcome in the first 3 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents.

Method

Subjects were children aged 6 to 14 years at the time they were hospitalized after TBI. The study used a prospective follow-up design. Assessments of preinjury psychiatric, behavioral, adaptive functioning, family functioning, and family psychiatric history status were conducted. Severity of injury was assessed by standard clinical scales and neuroimaging was analyzed. The outcome measure was the development of a psychiatric disorder, never before present (“novel”) in a subject during the first 3 months after the TBI.

Results

Fifty subjects enrolled, and the analyses focused on 37 subjects followed up at 3 months. Increasing severity of injury, presence of a lifetime psychiatric disorder, family psychiatric history, family dysfunction, and lower socioeconomic class/preinjury intellectual function predicted the development of a “novel” psychiatric disorder in the first 3 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

These data suggest that there are children, identifiable through clinical assessment, at increased risk for development of psychiatric disorders in the first 3 months after TBI.

REFERENCES (28)

  • P Black et al.

    Head trauma in children: neurological, behavioral, and intellectual sequelae

  • G Brown et al.

    A prospective study of children with head injuries: III. Psychiatric sequelae

    Psychol Med

    (1981)
  • WJ Chambers et al.

    The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview: test-retest reliability of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present Episode version

    Arch Gen Psychiatry

    (1985)
  • L Ewing-Cobbs et al.

    The children's orientation and amnesia test: relationship to severity of acute head injury and to recovery of memory

    Neurosurgery

    (1990)
  • Cited by (0)

    This research was supported by a NARSAD Young Investigator Award to Dr. Max. The authors acknowledge the helpful comments of Robert Robinson, M.D., and statistical advice from Stephan Arndt, Ph.D.

    View full text