Rapid publicationMechanisms preventing allergen-induced airways hyperreactivity: Role of tolerance and immune deviation☆,☆☆
Section snippets
Animals
Five- to 6-week-old BALB/c or BALB/c IL-4–/– mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Me) and were housed in pathogen-free conditions at the laboratory animal facilities of Stanford University in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health.
Immunization protocol
Mice were exposed intranasally to 100 μg of OVA (grade V; Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, Mo) in 30 μL of normal saline solution in the absence or presence of 1 μg of recombinant IL-12 (generously provided by Stanley
Results
We examined the effects of intranasal exposure to OVA on the subsequent response to intraperitoneal immunization with OVA in alum. Five days after the intraperitoneal injection, splenic T cells were isolated and cultured in vitro with OVA. Fig 1, A , shows that these T cells proliferated poorly compared with T cells from control mice, which received intranasal PBS before immunization with OVA in alum.
Discussion
The respiratory mucosa of both atopic and nonatopic individuals is constantly exposed to a wide variety of environmental aeroallergens, but the clinical responses in these populations differ considerably, with TH2-biased allergic inflammation and AHR developing in the former and protective immunity developing in the latter. However, the specific mechanisms that downregulate the development of inflammation and AHR in normal nonatopic individuals have been poorly characterized. In this study we
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Supported by National Institute of Health grants R01AI24571, R01AI26322, R01HL62348 and R. L. Blumenthal American Lung Association Research Awards (D. C. T.).
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Reprint requests: Dale T. Umetsu, MD, PhD, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Rm G309, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5208.