Freedom poverty: A new tool to identify the multiple disadvantages affecting those with CVD
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) detrimentally impacts the economic circumstances of individuals who suffer from the condition [1], [2], [3], [4]. As a result of the lower financial resources held by those with CVD, conclusions have been drawn about the lower living standards experienced by these individuals [5]. However, income is only one determinant of an individual's living standards [6], [7], [8]. Developments have recently been made in international poverty measurement practice to include multiple measures of disadvantage not just measures of income [9], [10], [11].
When discussing living standards it is vital to consider determinants and constraints of living standards other than just income. Only looking at the income of individuals with CVD may underestimate the disadvantage they suffer and may mask some of the constraints they face that are impeding their attainment of an adequate standard of living. As such, having tools to look at the multiple forms of disadvantage suffered by individuals that together affect their living standards is vital in order to effectively improve people's standard of living.
To date any studies that have looked at the poverty status of those with CVD have only looked at income poverty, not multidimensional poverty. This study will apply the newly created Freedom Poverty Measure [12] to the Australian adult population to explore the living standards of those with CVD.
Section snippets
The freedom poverty measure
Poverty can be seen as measuring the living standards of individuals in a given society [13], [14], [15]. However, until recently most poverty studies have focused only upon measures of low financial resources, or income [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Recently, there has been change within the poverty measurement field to recognise that there are other forms of disadvantage that impact on an individual's living standards, in addition to low income. Much has been written by Nobel Prize
Results
There were 23,304 records of individuals aged 25 years and over on the 2003 SDAC, with 11,176 stating they had no long term health condition, 403 identifying heart disease as their main health condition, 218 identifying other diseases of the circulatory system, and 11,507 identifying all other health conditions as their main health condition. Once weighted, this data represented 12,717,700 individuals in the Australian population; and of these, 219,100 had heart disease, 115,600 had other
Discussion
The results show the multiple forms of disadvantage suffered by those with heart disease and other diseases of the circulatory system in the Australian adult population. Those with heart disease and other diseases of the circulatory system in Australia were found to have poorer health, and have a greater likelihood of being in income poverty than those without a long term health condition; and also poorer health than those with other types of long term health conditions. The results in this
Acknowledgment
The authors of this manuscript have certified that they comply with the Principles of Ethical Publishing in the International Journal of Cardiology.
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