Review articleBreath-holding spells
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Cited by (89)
The pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope: Novel insights
2021, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalIndications for epilepsy monitoring in pediatric and adolescent health care
2020, Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health CareCitation Excerpt :Similar to what may occur with syncope, prolonged cyanotic breath holding can trigger seizure(s).64 Pallid breath holding events resulting in cyanosis can be associated with fall or trauma, but EEG can do more than simply rule out seizure in such cases, aiding diagnosis by identifying characteristic EEG patterns elicited with ocular compression in affected patients.65 Normal EEG can be helpful in the diagnosis of many other seizure mimics such as benign myoclonus of infancy, shuddering attacks, and benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy.63
Evaluation of Heart Rate Variability in Children With Breath-Holding Episodes
2019, Pediatric NeurologyCitation Excerpt :On the other hand, the increased RMSSD and PNN50 in our study in children with pallid BHEs indicate increased vagal tone because they are mainly influenced by vagal activity.23 Thus our results demonstrated greater effects of parasympathetic influences on HRV in pallid BHEs than identified in either cyanotic BHEs or control subjects suggesting that cyanotic BHEs may have another pathophysiology.24,25 This finding was in accordance with previous studies.21
Pediatric Syncope: High-Risk Conditions and Reasonable Approach
2018, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Also important is that the child should be developmentally normal with no regression of developmental milestones. In terms of diagnostics, there is some thought that there may be an association with breath-holding spells and long QT, so an ECG should be considered.63 If the history is clear, parents can be reassured with no additional diagnostic evaluation beyond a primary care physician follow-up as needed.
Pathological crying and emotional vasovagal syncope as symptoms of a dorsally exophytic medullary tumor
2016, Brain and DevelopmentVentricular repolarization changes in children with breath holding spells
2019, Journal of ElectrocardiologyCitation Excerpt :Based on changes in skin color during the spell, breath holding spells can be divided into three groups as cyanotic, pallid and mixed [1,2]. Although these attacks were previously considered as benign episodes spontaneously disappearing in children between 6 and 8 years old, recent studies have shown that many of these patients may develop arrhythmia and syncope attacks in their future life [3–6]. QT dispersion (QTd) is a non-invasive evaluation way of ventricular myocardium repolarization by electrocardiogram (ECG) and also shows the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmia and coronary artery disease.
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Communications should be addressed to: Dr. Breningstall; Pediatric Subspecialties; Park Nicollet Medical Center; 910 East 26th Street, Suite 325; Minneapolis, MN 55404.