Associations between maternal education, pregnancy smoking, pregnancy overweight, low exclusive breast feeding and hospitalisations for all respiratory and enteric infections
| All infections | Respiratory infections | Enteric infections | ||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |
| Maternal education (years) | ||||||
| ≥15 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 13–14 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11) | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.14) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.11) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.11) | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.08) |
| 10–12 | 1.11 (1.05 to 1.18) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.18) | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.10) |
| ≤9 | 1.38 (1.26 to 1.51) | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.33) | 1.37 (1.20 to 1.56) | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41) | 1.30 (1.08 to 1.57) | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.38) |
| Pregnancy smoking | ||||||
| No | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.26 (1.15 to 1.37) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.19) | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.40) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22) | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53) | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.32) |
| Excess weight during pregnancy* | ||||||
| No | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.18) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20) | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.14) | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.07) |
| Low EBF† | ||||||
| No | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.37 to 1.51) | 1.39 (1.32 to 1.47) | 1.37 (1.26 to 1.48) | 1.33 (1.22 to 1.44) | 1.59 (1.42 to 1.79) | 1.58 (1.40 to 1.78) |
Model 1 adjusted for maternal age, maternal country of birth and year of birth. Model 2 adjusted for maternal age, maternal country of birth, year of birth, maternal education, pregnancy smoking, excess weight during pregnancy and low exclusive breast feeding. Analyses included all 63 216 children.
*Excess weight during pregnancy was defined as pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 at the first antenatal care visit.
†Low EBF was defined as exclusive breast feeding <4 months.
BMI, body mass index; IRR, incidence rate ratio;