Total and decomposed effects on all respiratory and enteric paediatric infections due to counterfactual changes in maternal education level
| All infections | Respiratory infections | Enteric infections | |
| Maternal education level: 13–14 vs ≥15 years | |||
| PNDE* | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.14) | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.13) |
| PNIE* | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) |
| MIE† | −0.01 (−0.11 to 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.15 to 0.12) | −0.03 (−0.23 to 0.16) |
| TE* | 1.06 (0.96 to 0.15) | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.15) | 0.93 (0.73 to 1.13) |
| Total percentage mediated‡ | 33 | – | – |
| Maternal education level: 10–12 vs ≥15 years | |||
| PNDE* | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.15) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.13) |
| PNIE* | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.31) |
| MIE† | −0.01 (−0.08 to 0.06) | −0.01 (−0.11 to 0.09) | −0.10 (−0.25 to 0.04) |
| TE* | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.19) | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.18) |
| Total percentage mediated‡ | 64 | 60 | – |
| Maternal education level: ≤9 vs ≥15 years | |||
| PNDE* | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.32) | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.4) | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.49) |
| PNIE* | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.25) | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.34) | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.71) |
| MIE† | 0.10 (−0.02 to 0.22) | 0.09 (−0.06 to 0.23) | −0.20 (−0.40 to −0.01) |
| TE* | 1.38 (1.26 to 1.50) | 1.37 (1.23 to 1.52) | 1.30 (1.10 to 1.51) |
| Total percentage mediated‡ | 55 | 57 | 40 |
All models were adjusted for maternal age, maternal country of birth and year of birth. Analyses included all 63 216 children.
*PNDE, PNIE and TE presented as IRR with 95% CI.
†MIE estimated as excess risk due to interaction=IRRTE−IRRPNDE−IRRPINE+1.
‡Total percentage mediated estimated as ((IRRPNIE−1)/(IRRTE−1)+RERIMIE/(IRRTE−1))×100 in models with a TE of IRR >1.05.
IRR, incidence rates rations; MIE, mediated interactive effect; PNDE, pure natural direct effect; PNIE, pure natural indirect effect; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction; TE, total effect.