Table 1

Study population characteristics and their association with maternal education level

	≤9 years	10–12 years	13–14 years	≥15 years	All
All	9.7	39.5	12.9	37.8	100.0
Pregnancy smoking
Yes	24.6	9.3	2.7	0.9	6.8
No	75.4	90.7	97.3	99.1	93.2
Excess weight during pregnancy*
Yes	46.5	43.0	36.0	28.9	37.1
No	53.5	57.0	64.0	71.1	62.9
Low EBF†
Yes	50.6	38.5	27.6	23.0	32.4
No	49.4	61.5	72.4	77.0	67.6
Maternal age (years)
<25	37.9	19.3	9.2	1.8	13.2
25–29	27.8	35.1	30.9	26.1	30.5
30–34	20.5	29.1	35.5	46.3	35.6
>34	13.7	16.5	24.3	25.8	20.7
Maternal country of birth
Sverige	65.1	85.0	80.9	83.3	81.9
Other HIC	4.0	3.6	5.3	7.8	5.4
UMIC	17.0	5.6	7.3	5.1	6.7
LMIC	4.0	2.9	4.1	3.0	3.2
LIC	10.0	2.8	2.4	0.8	2.7
Year of birth
Mean	2005.9	2005.9	2005.8	2007.8	2006.6
Household income‡
Q1	6.2	12.8	21.2	30.6	20.0
Q2	10.1	19.4	19.6	23.3	20.0
Q3	14.1	23.3	18.1	18.7	20.0
Q4	21.9	24.2	20.2	15.0	20.0
Q5	47.7	20.3	20.9	12.2	20.0
Parity
1	38.3	40.8	44.7	46.2	43.1
2	30.2	37.5	36.6	38.6	37.1
3	16.3	14.8	13.9	12.5	14.0
4	8.3	4.4	3.3	2.2	3.8
≥5	6.8	2.4	1.4	0.6	2.0

Values are percentages unless stated otherwise. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Data were missing on breast feeding for 11% (n=7260), pregnancy overweight for 11% (n=6994), pregnancy smoking for 6% (n=3874), maternal education for 2% (n=1044) and maternal country of birth for 1% (n=331) of children. Proportions and medians were calculated as averages over all imputations. Analyses included all 63 216 children.
*Excess weight during pregnancy was defined as pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m² at the first antenatal care visit.
†Low EBF was defined as exclusive breast feeding <4 months.
‡Annual quintiles with Q1 representing the highest household income quintile.
BMI, body mass index; HIC, high-income countries; LIC, low-income countries; LMIC, lower-middle-income countries; UMIC, upper-middle-income countries;