Table 1

Sickle cell anaemia: existing disparities between HICs and LMICs
	HICs NBS, early diagnosis and comprehensive care available	LMICs NBS, early diagnosis and comprehensive care not commonplace.
		Late presentation with acute SCD complications and high mortality.
	Disease-modifying therapies more available	Disease-modifying treatments (hydroxyurea and chronic blood transfusions) not widely available or affordable
	Racial inequalities exist in high-resource settings relating to: access to primary and specialised care barriers to receiving pain treatment	SCD diagnosis and care not linked to primary care, and limited numbers of SCD centres in district hospitals
	Fewer health workers with knowledge and expertise in SCD management	Lack of universal health coverage for SCD diagnosis and treatment
	Challenges with transition from paediatric to adult care	Inadequate public awareness about SCD and the effective interventions available

HICs, high-income countries; LMICs, low-income and middle-income countries; NBS, newborn screening; SCD, sickle cell disease.