NCA: pharmacokinetic parameters of nalbuphine after 0.05 mg/kg intravenously or 0.1 mg/kg intranasally
| Variable | intravenous 0.05 mg/kg | Intranasal 0.1 mg/kg | P value* |
| AUC0-Tlast(µg×hour/L) % of AUC0-infinity | 8.7 (8.0–18.6) 85 (71–87) | 7.6 (5.4–10.4) NA | 0.091 |
| Tlast (hours) | 2.53 (2.02–3.07) | 2.38 (2.16–2.85) | 0.804 |
| Cmax (µg/L) | 6.5 (5.3–15.9)† | 4.5 (3.5–5.6) | 0.014 |
| tmax (min) | 18 (17–19)† | 37 (32–65) | <0.001 |
All variables are given as median (IQR).
Tlast was 2–3 hours after nalbuphine administration.
*Wilcoxon test.
†Cmax after intravenous dose=first measured concentration (planned at 15 min post-dose) therefore tmax, intravenous~15 min.
AUC, area under the concentration time curve; Cmax, maximum serum concentration; NA, not available; NCA, non-compartmental analysis; tmax, time to reach maximum serum concentration.