Author (year) country | Study design | N (male: female) | CHD diagnosis 1V 2V TGA AC OL | Gestational age at birth (weeks) | Age at surgery (days) | Age at preoperative MRI (days) | Age at postoperative MRI | ||||
McConnel (1990) USA28 | Cohort (pro) | 15 (NR) | 1 | NR | 1 | 1 | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Mahle (2002) USA12 | Cohort (pro) | 24 (16:8) | 13 | 11 | NR | NR | NR | 39.4 (36.0, 41.1) | 4 (1, 24) | Day of surgery | 8.5 (5–12) days after surgery Late scan: 4.5 (3–6) months |
Partridge (2006) USA13 | Cohort (pro) | 25 (16:9) | 3 | NR | 18 | 1 | 3 |
| ≤6 | No brain injury:6 (2, 36)
|
|
Dent (2006) USA18 | Cohort (pro) | 22 (15:7) | 22 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 39 (36–41) | 4 (1, 8) | Operation day 4 (1, 8) | 9.5 (5–14) days |
McQuillen (2007) USA14 | Cohort (pro) | 62 (NR) | 18 | 12 | 32 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
|
|
Miller (2007) USA19 | Case-control (pro) | 41 (29:12) | 12 | NR | 29 | NR | NR | 39.1 (38.2–40.0) | NR | 5 (3–6) | NR |
Block (2010) USA15 | Cohort (pro) | 92 (59:33) | 62 | NR | 30 | NR | NR |
|
| 5 (3–7) | 21 (16–27) |
Kwak (2010) Korea29 | Cohort (pro) | 11 (10:1) | NR | NR | NR | 11 | NR | NR | 11 (5, 46). | NR | NR |
Beca (2013) New Zealand16 | Cohort (pro) | 153 (98:55) | 72 | 81 | NR | NR | NR | 38.8±1.6 | 7 (4–11) | NR |
|
Drury (2013) New Zealand30 | Cohort (pro) | 18 (11:7) | NR | NR | NR | 18 | NR |
| NR | NR | NR |
Mulkey (2013) USA9 | Cohort (retro) | 73 (46:27) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 73 |
|
| No brain injury: 4 (2–10) With brain injury: 8 (4–13) | 46±41 |
Algra (2014) The Netherlands23 | RCT | 37 (30:7) | 12 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 17 |
|
| 8 (4, 34) |
|
Andropoulos (2014) USA20 | Cohort (retro) | 59 (34:25) | 27 | 12 | 20 | NR | NR | 38.4±1.2 | NR | NR | NR |
Bertholdt (2014) Switzerland21 | Case-control (pro) | 30 (22:8) | 8 | NR | 22 | NR | NR | 39.3 (36.7–41.9) | NR | 6 (1, 12) | 13 (6–30) |
Lynch (2014) USA24 | Cohort (pro) | 37 (18: 19) | 37 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 38.9±0.8 | 4.2±1.9 | NR | 1 week after surgery |
Claessens (2018) The Netherlands17 | Cohort (pro) | 40 (27:13) | 16 | NR | 12 | 2 | 10 |
|
|
| CSVT negative: 6 (5–8) CSVT positive: 7 (6–9) |
Peyvandi (2018) USA31 | Cohort (pro) | 79 (55:24) | 30 | NR | 49 | NR | NR |
|
|
|
|
Claessens (2019) The Netherlands26 | Cohort (pro) | 74 (49:25) | 17 | NR | 26 | NR | 31 | 39.5 (38.7–40.6) | NR | 5 (3–7) | 8 (7–10) |
Claessens (2019) The Netherlands22 | Cohort (pro) | 124 (92:32) | 33 | 14 | 77 | NR | NR |
| -≤60 days |
|
|
Lim (2019) Canada27 | Cohort (pro) | 45 (NR) | NR | NR | 45 | NR | NR | 39 (35–41) |
| 5 (1, 26) | 21 (4–70) |
Guo (2019) USA25 | Cohort (pro) | 216 (144:72) | 64 | NR | 118 | NR | 34 |
| ≤3 months | 40 weeks (38.6–41.2) | 41.9 weeks (40.5–43.2) |
Total | 1277 | 447 | 135 | 481 | 34 | 180 |
Age and time values presented as median (IQR) or median (min, max), median, mean±SD, mean (95% CI)* NR.
AC, aorta coarctation; ACP, antegrade cerebral perfusion; DHCA, deep hypothermic circulate; HSC, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto; NR, not reported; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; 1V, single ventricle abnormalities; 2V, two-ventricle abnormalities; WKZ, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital Utrecht.