Table 3

District service provision per pregnant woman or child, compared between remote and non-remote districts

	Remote districts n=359 (mean (SD))	Non-remote districts n=42 (mean (SD))	Minimally adjusted means*			Fully adjusted means†
	Remote districts n=359 (mean (SD))	Non-remote districts n=42 (mean (SD))	Mean difference	95% CI	P value	Mean difference	95% CI	P value
Ratio of CHWs per pregnant woman	0.019 (0.011)	0.012 (0.006)	0.007	0.003 to 0.01	<0.001	0.008	0.004 to 0.01	<0.001
Ratio of CHW essential drugs per pregnant woman
Cotrimoxazole	0.19 (0.20)	0.11 (0.07)	0.08	0.02 to 0.14	0.014	0.081	0.02 to 0.14	0.011
Oral contraceptives	0.19 (0.13)	0.12 (0.08)	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	0.001	0.076	0.04 to 0.12	<0.001
Oral rehydration solution	0.20 (0.13)	0.13 (0.08)	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	<0.001	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	<0.001
Vitamin A	0.18 (0.12)	0.12 (0.08)	0.07	0.03 to 0.10	<0.001	0.072	0.04 to 0.11	<0.001
Zinc	0.20 (0.14)	0.13 (0.08)	0.07	0.03 to 0.12	0.002	0.076	0.03 to 0.12	0.001
Condoms	0.69 (0.70)	0.49 (0.39)	0.20	(−0.15 to 0.42)	0.07	0.23	(0.006 to 0.44)	0.044
Chloroquine	0.18 (0.12)	0.11 (0.08)	0.07	0.03 to 0.10	<0.001	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	<0.001
Proportion of pregnant women who received CHW services
Antenatal visits from CHW	0.88 (0.82)	0.62 (0.50)	0.26	0.001 to 0.51	0.049	0.28	0.02 to 0.54	0.034
Postnatal visits from CHW	0.53 (0.53)	0.36 (0.25)	0.18	0.01 to 0.34	0.037	0.19	0.02 to 0.36	0.025
Referred to a health facility by CHW for obstetric complications	0.03 (0.04)	0.02 (0.03)	0.009	−0.005 to 0.022	0.21	0.009	−0.005 to 0.023	0.20
Referred to a health facility by CHW for advice regarding normal deliveries	0.18 (0.18)	0.13 (0.10)	0.05	−0.003 to 0.11	0.06	0.06	0.002 to 0.12	0.043
Proportion of children aged under 5 years who received CHW services
Referred to a health facility by CHW for acute diarrhoea	0.43 (0.41)	0.26 (0.22)	0.17	0.04 to 0.29	0.011	0.18	0.05 to 0.31	0.008
Referred by CHW to a health facility for malnutrition	0.25 (0.22)	0.13 (0.09)	0.13	0.06 to 0.20	<0.001	0.13	0.06 to 0.20	<0.001
Referred by CHW to a health facility for acute respiratory infection	0.67 (0.60)	0.47 (0.39)	0.20	0.02 to 0.39	0.032	0.233	0.04 to 0.42	0.016
Referred by CHW to a health facility for malaria	0.03 (0.08)	0.01 (0.02)	0.02	−0.003 to 0.05	0.08	0.021	−0.004 to 0.05	0.102
Mean services provided to children aged under 5 years
Treated by CHW for acute diarrhoea	2.13 (1.69)	1.42 (1.04)	0.70	0.18 to 1.23	0.009	0.69	0.16 to 1.23	0.011
Screened by CHW for malnutrition	2.03 (1.91)	1.88 (1.69)	0.16	−0.45 to 0.76	0.61	0.19	−0.43 to 0.81	0.54
Treated by CHW for acute respiratory infection	3.23 (2.51)	2.16 (1.78)	1.07	0.28 to 1.85	0.008	1.10	0.30 to 1.90	0.007
Treated by CHW for malaria	0.14 (0.39)	0.03 (0.08)	0.11	−0.12 to 0.23	0.08	0.10	−0.02 to 0.23	0.097
Community services
Ratio of FHAGs per pregnant woman	0.011 (0.014)	0.008 (0.007)	0.003	−0.001 to 0.007	0.15	–	–	–
Mean household visits from FHAG member	19.9 (15.1)	12.6 (11.0)	7.4	2.6 to 12.1	0.003	8.19	3.43 to 12.95	0.001

p values <0.05 (statistically significant) are highlighted in bold
*Adjusted for random effects by district.
†Adjusted for access (mountainous), number of FHAG, random effects by district.
CHW, community health worker; FHAG, family health action group.