History and voiding chart data, at baseline, comparison between study groups
| BBA (n=20) | Alarm (n=22) | Controls (n=18) | P value | |
| Heredity (parents or siblings) | 12/20 (60%) | 10/22 (46%) | 6/18 (33%) | 0.26 |
| Urgency | 16/20 (80%) | 15/22 (68%) | 10/18 (56%) | 0.27 |
| Previous daytime incontinence | 7/20 (35%) | 11/22 (50%) | 12/18 (67%) | 0.15 |
| High arousal thresholds | 16/20 (80%) | 21/22 (96%) | 16/18 (89%) | 0.30 |
| Constipation | 8/20 (40%) | 3/22 (14%) | 8/18 (44%) | 0.07 |
| Wet nights per 2 weeks before intervention | 10.3±4.6 | 9.7±4.1 | 10.4±4.4 | 0.86 |
| Daytime micturition frequency | 3.5±5.4 | 5.7±1.5 | 5.5±2.6 | 0.87 |
| Enuresis volume* | 65±37 | 71±72 | 72±36 | 0.91 |
| Urine production per 24 hours/kg | 30±13 | 28±12 | 27±11 | 0.80 |
| Nocturnal urine production, wet nights* | 109±51 | 118±72 | 121±48 | 0.85 |
| Maximum voided volume, morning void excluded* | 76±35 | 74±29 | 84±31 | 0.58 |
| Maximum voided volume, morning void included* | 82±34 | 85±37 | 92±26 | 0.63 |
| Average voided volume, morning void excluded* | 51±25 | 44±16 | 47±16 | 0.53 |
| Average voided volume, morning void included | 50±22 | 47±16 | 49±14 | 0.85 |
Data shown are either proportions (%) r, mean±1 SD.
*All volumes expressed as percentages of expected bladder capacity for the child’s age, according to the Koff-Hjälmås formula.27
BBA, basic bladder advice .