Baseline characteristics of the participating women at enrolment and their offspring at 13 years, by study group
| Maternal characteristics | Control (SP twice) (n=436) | Monthly SP (n=441) | AZI-SP (n=443) | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 25 (7) | 25 (7) | 25 (6) | |
| Gestational age at enrolment, weeks, mean (SD) | 20.3 (3.0) | 20.0 (3.2) | 20.0 (3.0) | |
| Primiparous (%) | 110 (25.2) | 107 (24.3) | 89 (20.1) | |
| HIV-positive (%) | 48/396 (12.1) | 64/400 (16.0) | 49/398 (12.3) | |
| Microscopic peripheral blood malaria parasitaemia (%) | 49/435 (11.3) | 41 (9.3) | 27 (6.1) | |
| Blood Hb concentration, g/L, mean (SD) | 110 (19) | 111 (17) | 110 (20) | |
| Moderate or severe anaemia, Hb <100 g/L (%) | 116 (26.6) | 106 (24.0) | 129 (29.1) | |
| Literate participants (%) | 116 (26.6) | 129 (29.3) | 139 (31.4) | |
| Years of schooling completed, mean (SD) | 2.1 (2.7)* | 2.2 (2.6) | 2.4 (2.8) | |
| Offspring characteristics at 13 years of age | n=333 | n=333 | n=337 | |
| Years of schooling completed | ||||
| 0 (%) | 48 (14.4) | 62 (18.6) | 53 (15.7) | |
| 1–3 (%) | 186 (55.9) | 168 (50.5) | 163 (48.4) | |
| >3 (%) | 99 (29.7) | 103 (31.0) | 121 (36.0) | |
| Pubertal stage | n=332 | n=330 | n=333 | |
| Stage 1 (%) | 162 (48.8) | 175 (53.0) | 155 (46.6) | |
| Stage 2 (%) | 100 (30.3) | 88 (26.7) | 101 (30.1) | |
| Stages 3–5 (%) | 70 (21.1) | 67 (20.3) | 77 (23.1) | |
*Value missing for one participant.
AZI-SP, intervention group with monthly SP and two doses of azithromycin; Hb, haemoglobin; SP, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.