Certainty of evidence (GRADE)
| Certainty assessment | № of patients | Effect | Certainty | Importance | ||||||||
| No of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | CPAP | Usual care (oxygen) | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
| Death | ||||||||||||
| 3 | Randomised trials | Serious* | Serious† | Not serious | Not serious | None | 79/1395 (5.7%) | 89/1550 (5.7%) | RR 0.75 (0.33 to 1.72) | 14 fewer per 1000 (from 38 fewer to 41 more) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Low | CRITICAL |
| Adverse events | ||||||||||||
| 3 | Randomised trials | Serious* | Serious† | Not serious | Not serious | None | 17/79 (21.5%) | 14/67 (20.8%) | RR 1.52 (0.71 to 3.26) | 109 more per 1000 (from 61 fewer to 472 more) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Low | IMPORTANT |
*All trials did not mask participants or personnel to the treatment intervention and no masking was conducted during outcome analyses.
†Point estimates vary across trials, confidence intervals with minimal overlap and tests for heterogeneity significant.
RR, risk ratio.