Perinatal outcomes of births from women with infection during pregnancy by maternal clinical characteristics
| Variables | Alive without severe complication (n=780) | Neonatal near-miss (n=316) | Perinatal death (n=123) | ||||||
| n (%) | n (%) | OR | 95% CI | p value | n (%) | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Pre-existing medical condition* | |||||||||
| None | 386 (67.4) | 141 (24.6) | ref | 45 (7.9) | ref | ||||
| Any of the medical conditions | 353 (60.8) | 163 (28.1) | 1.3 | 0.8 to 2.0 | 0.318 | 65 (11.2) | 1.6 | 1.0 to 2.4 | 0.036† |
| Body mass index | |||||||||
| <25 | 172 (65.6) | 65 (24.8) | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.8 | 0.617 | 25 (9.5) | 2.6 | 1.3 to 5.0 | 0.005† |
| 25–29 | 200 (66.5) | 80 (26.6) | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.7 | 0.371 | 21 (7.0) | 1.9 | 0.9 to 4.1 | 0.120 |
| 30 or more | 178 (71.8) | 60 (24.2) | ref | 10 (4.0) | ref | ||||
| Severity of maternal infection‡ | |||||||||
| Less severe infection | 549 (67.4) | 206 (25.3) | ref | 59 (7.3) | ref | ||||
| Infections with complication | 151 (66.8) | 54 (23.9) | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.5 | 0.839 | 21 (9.3) | 1.3 | 0.7 to 2.4 | 0.401 |
| Infection-related severe maternal outcome | 80 (44.7) | 56 (31.3) | 1.9 | 1.1 to 3.1 | 0.014† | 43 (24.0) | 5.0 | 2.7 to 9.3 | 0.000† |
| Pregnancy status at the time of infection suspected or confirmed | |||||||||
| Pregnant, not in labour | 153 (62.5) | 67 (27.4) | 1.4 | 0.8 to 2.3 | 0.216 | 25 (10.2) | 1.4 | 0.6 to 3.3 | 0.426 |
| Pregnant, in labour | 172 (60.4) | 90 (31.6) | 1.7 | 0.8 to 3.5 | 0.189 | 23 (8.1) | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.9 | 0.764 |
| Postpartum within 24 hours | 162 (61.4) | 69 (26.1) | 1.3 | 0.8 to 2.3 | 0.286 | 33 (12.5) | 1.8 | 0.9 to 3.6 | 0.124 |
| Postpartum 24–72 hours | 130 (69.9) | 40 (21.5) | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.4 | 0.869 | 16 (8.6) | 1.1 | 0.5 to 2.2 | 0.877 |
| Postpartum after 72 hours | 129 (69.7) | 41 (22.2) | ref | 15 (8.1) | ref | ||||
| Location at the time of infection suspected or confirmed | |||||||||
| Arriving from home | 321 (71.6) | 95 (21.2) | ref | 32 (7.1) | ref | ||||
| Transferred from another facility | 79 (47.9) | 59 (35.8) | 2.5 | 1.4 to 4.5 | 0.002† | 27 (16.4) | 3.4 | 1.6 to 7.2 | 0.001† |
| Already hospitalised | 378 (62.7) | 162 (26.9) | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.1 | 0.046† | 63 (10.5) | 1.7 | 1.0 to 2.9 | 0.069 |
| Source of infection§ | |||||||||
| Chorioamnionitis | 125 (48.8) | 97 (37.9) | 2.4 | 1.3 to 4.6 | 0.009† | 34 (13.3) | 4.3 | 1.9 to 9.8 | 0.001† |
| Endometritis | 89 (59.7) | 36 (24.2) | 1.3 | 0.7 to 2.2 | 0.463 | 24 (16.1) | 4.2 | 1.6 to 10.9 | 0.003† |
| Urinary tract infection | 157 (72.0) | 51 (23.4) | ref | 10 (4.6) | ref | ||||
| Skin, wound and catheter infection | 91 (81.3) | 17 (15.2) | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.2 | 0.152 | 4 (3.6) | 0.7 | 0.2 to 2.1 | 0.521 |
| Other infection | 116 (58.9) | 52 (26.4) | 1.4 | 0.8 to 2.5 | 0.277 | 29 (14.7) | 3.9 | 1.8 to 8.7 | 0.001† |
*Includes anaemia, diabetes, HIV or any disease that required corticotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or transfusion during the pregnancy.
†Statistically significant (p<0.05).
‡Severe maternal outcome defined as infection-related maternal death or near-miss.
§Source of infection clinically, radiologically or microbiologically confirmed.