Characteristics of 58 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| All cases (n=58) | Outpatients (n=25) | Inpatients (n=33) | P value* | |
| Male sex | 37 (63.8%) | 15 (60%) | 22 (66.7%) | 0.801 |
| Median age in months (IQR) | 35.5 (3.3–146) | 82 (6–151) | 19.4 (1.4–117) | 0.438 |
| Symptomatic household contact | 30 (51.7%) | 18 (72%) | 12 (36.4%) | 0.0153 |
| Underlying conditions | 23 (39.7%) | 10 (40%) | 13 (39.4%) | 0.963 |
| Immunodeficiency (primary or secondary) | 6 (26%) | 3 (12%) | 3 (9.1%) | |
| Respiratory disease | 6 (26%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (15.2%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 5 (21.7%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (12.1%) | |
| Solid organ transplant | 2 (8.6%) | 0 | 2 (6.1%) | |
| Nephropathy | 2 (8.6%) | 0 | 2 (6.1%) | |
| Neurological disease | 1 (4.4%) | 0 | 1 (3%) | |
| Vasculitis | 1 (4.4%) | 0 | 1 (3%) | |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Temperature >37.9°C | 41 (70.7%) | 18 (72%) | 23 (69.7%) | 0.849 |
| Cough | 42 (72.4%) | 18 (72%) | 24 (72.7%) | 0.951 |
| Rhinorrhoea | 33 (56.9%) | 14 (56%) | 19 (57.6%) | 0.904 |
| Sore throat | 4 (6.9%) | 2 (8%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0.773 |
| Breathing difficulty | 10 (17.2%) | 2 (8%) | 8 (24.2%) | 0.105 |
| Vomiting | 9 (15.5%) | 3 (12%) | 6 (18.2%) | 0.520 |
| Diarrhoea | 7 (12.1%) | 5 (20%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0.107 |
| Headache | 8 (13.8%) | 4 (16%) | 4 (12.1%) | 0.671 |
| Myalgia | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (8%) | 0 | 0.098 |
| Rash | 2 (3.4%) | 0 | 2 (6.1%) | 0.693 |
| Loss of taste | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 0.246 |
| Anosmia | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 0.246 |
| SatO2 <93% | 14 (24.1%) | 0 | 14 (42.4%) | 0.002 |
| Chest radiograph | 40 (69%) | 15 (60%) | 25 (75.8%) | 0.318 |
| Normal | 5 (12.5%) | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (12%) | 0.671 |
| Perihilar infiltrates | 15 (37.5%) | 6 (40%) | 9 (36%) | |
| Ground glass interstitial pattern | 10 (25%) | 5 (33.3%) | 5 (20%) | |
| Lobar consolidation | 3 (7.5%) | 1 (6.7%) | 2 (8%) | |
| Multilobar consolidation | 7 (17.5%) | 1 (6.7%) | 6 (24%) | |
| Blood tests† | 43 (74.1%) | 14 (56%) | 29 (87.9%) | 0.0137 |
| Leucocytes/mm3 (median (IQR)) | 9145 (5830–9145) | 8010 (5562– 10 745) | 9145 (5935–12 107) | 0.498 |
| Lymphocytes/mm3 (median (IQR)) | 2390 (970–3930) | 2700 (2100–5110) | 1945 (835–4140) | 0.192 |
| D-dimer; mg/dL (IQR) | 903 (717–2143) | 403 (260–867) | 920 (710–2112) | 0.912 |
| Procalcitonin; ng/mL (IQR) | 0.11 (0.06–0.16) | 0.08 (0.03–0.17) | 0.13 (0.09–0.16) | 0.338 |
| C reactive protein; mg/L (IQR) | 7.4 (0.67–26.3) | 7.4 (0.6–31) | 7.5 (0.6–23) | 0.853 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Febrile syndrome | 12 (20.7%) | 3 (12%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.038 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 22 (37.9%) | 16 (64%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
| Pneumonia | 18 (31%) | 5 (20%) | 13 (39.4%) | |
| Other‡ | 6 (10.3%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (15.1%) | |
| Treatment | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 31 (53.4%) | 11 (44%) | 20 (60.6%) | 0.322 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 2 | 0 | 2 (6%) | – |
| Tocilizumab | 2 | 0 | 2 (6%) | – |
| Remdesivir | 3 | 0 | 3 (9%) | – |
*Comparison between outpatients and inpatients.
†In patients with more than one blood test result, values represent highest leucocytes, D-dimer, procalcitonin and C reactive protein and lowest lymphocytes.
‡Diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertensive emergency, appendicitis, 2 cases of febrile urinary tract infection (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis), recurrent wheezing.