Egypt | Iran | Iraq | Israel | Jordan | Kuwait | Saudi Arabia | Syria | Turkey | Hammoud | All middle-income countries | All high-income countries | P value* (Fisher’s exact test) | OR (95% CI, P value)† | |
Ampicillin | 59/630 (9%) | 9/258 (3%) | 59/304 (19%) | 127/203 (63%) | 27/152 (18%) | 28/65 (43%) | 8/25 (32%) | 0/175 (0%) | 21/102 (21%) | 50/60 (83%) | 175/1621 (11%) | 213/353 (60%) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.1;<0.0001) |
Gentamicin | 224/590 (38%) | 95/346 (27%) | 117/294 (40%) | 120/140 (86%) | 53/140 (38%) | 34/38 (89%) | 24/25 (96%) | 10/194 (5%) | 58/109 (53%) | 12/12 (100%) | 557/1673 (33%) | 190/215 (88%) | <0.0001 | 1.1 (1.04 to 1.2; 0.002) |
Ampicillin+gentamicin‡ | 278/655 (42%) | 101/352 (29%) | 139/308 (45%) | 223/246 (91%) | 77/161 (48%) | 62/65 (95%) | 31/33 (94%) | 18/211 (9%) | 73/168 (43%) | 60/60 (100%) | 746/1846 (40%) | 375/404 (93%) | <0.0001 | 1.1 (1.04 to 1.2;<0.001) |
Third-generation cephalosporin | 208/605 (34%) | 86/326 (26%) | 128/304 (42%) | 58/60 (96%) | 94/140 (67%) | 21/23 (91%) | 20/25 (80%) | 20/194 (10%) | 89/141 (63%) | 625/1710 (37%) | 89/98 (91%) | <0.0001 | 1.1 (1 to 1.3; 0.031) | |
Amikacin | 258/545 (47%) | 163/295 (55%) | 94 119 (79%) | 73/74 (99%) | 93/111 (84%) | 22/25 (88%) | 80/194 (41%) | 71/96 (74%) | 12/12 (100%) | 759/1360 (56%) | 107/111 (96%) | <0.0001 | 1.2 (1 to 1.3; 0.05) | |
Piperacillin/ tazobactam | 84/325 (26%) | 11/26 (42%) | 49/165 (30%) | 13/26 (50%) | 146/516 (28%) | 11/26 (42%) | 0.127 | 1 (1 to 1.1; 0.214) | ||||||
Carbapenem | 389/545 (71%) | 188/239 (79%) | 119/119 (100%) | 7/11 (64%) | 101/106 (95%) | 25/25 (100%) | 194/194 (100%) | 89/96 (93%) | 25/25 (100%) | 1080/1299 (83%) | 32/36 (89%) | 0.497 | 1 (0.8 to 1.2; 0.886) | |
Vancomycin | 52/61 (85%) | 46/56 (82%) | 79/79 (100%) | 36/36 (100%) | 28/29 (97%) | 72/72 (100%) | 277/297 (93%) | 36/36 (100%) | 0.146 | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.5; 0.292) |
*P value for each antibiotic comparing susceptibility of middle-income countries versus high-income countries combined.
†OR for occurrence of each organism per $1000 per capita GNI increase obtained from unadjusted logistic regression models.
‡Estimated combined ampicillin plus gentamicin susceptibility (online supplemental 3).