Model inputs: time, success and urine test results
Parameter | Estimate (mean) | Number of data estimate derived from (N) | SD | Distribution | Source |
Urine bag | |||||
Procedure time | 85 min | 23 | 67 min | Log normal | McKune35 |
Success | 96% | 169 | 48%* | Beta | Alam et al 36 |
Contamination | 46% | 13 | 23%* | Beta | Tosif et al 8 |
Send sample for culture | 72% | 504 | 36%* | Beta | Schroeder et al 37 |
Recall patient if culture contaminated | 33% | 20 | 23% | Beta | Expert opinion† |
Clean catch | |||||
Procedure time | 31 min | 218 | 42 min | Log normal | Tosif et al 11 |
Success | 64% | 218 | 45% | Beta | Tosif et al 11 |
Contamination | 26% | 202 | 13%* | Beta | Tosif et al 8 |
Send sample for culture | 80% | 160 | 40%* | Beta | Tosif et al 11 |
Recall patient if culture contaminated | 40% | 20 | 25% | Beta | Expert opinion† |
Voiding stimulation (Quick-Wee method) | |||||
Procedure time | 5 min | N/A‡ | N/A‡ | Fixed | Kaufman et al 15 |
Success | 30% | 174 | 47% | Beta | Kaufman e t al 15 |
Contamination | 27% | 44 | 47% | Beta | Kaufman et al 15 |
Send sample for culture | 85% | 52 | 42%* | Beta | Kaufman et al 15 |
Recall patient if culture contaminated | 37% | 20 | 20% | Beta | Expert opinion† |
Catheter | |||||
Procedure time | 12 min | 45 | 7 min | Log normal | Baumann et al 38 |
Success | 90% | 148 | 45%* | Beta | Poonai 201539¶¶ |
Contamination | 12% | 97 | 6%* | Beta | Tosif et al 8 |
Send sample for culture | 95% | 1030 | 47%* | Beta | Schroeder e t al 37 |
Recall patient if culture contaminated | 60% | 20 | 23% | Beta | Expert opinion† |
Suprapubic aspirate | |||||
Procedure time | 8 min | 20 | 4 min | Log normal | Expert opinion† |
Success | 44% | 38 | 22%* | Beta | Munir e t al 10 |
Contamination | 1% | 84 | 0.05%* | Beta | Tosif e t al 8 |
Send sample for culture | 100% | N/A¶ | N/A§¶ | Fixed | RCH5 |
Recall patient if culture contaminated | 72% | 20 | 26% | Beta | Expert opinion† |
Procedure time: from starting collection process to when urine voided or collection attempt stopped.
¶¶Personal correspondence with author to clarify data.
*SD or data distribution not available; SD estimated using Briggs assumption.40
†Where published data were unavailable, we used expert opinion from surveying 20 senior paediatricians and paediatric emergency physicians.
‡Assumed fixed 5 min duration for all voiding stimulation attempts.
§Personal correspondence with author to clarify data.
¶Based on Clinical Practice Guideline recommendation.
RCH, Royal Children’s Hospital.