All cases | Pre-hospital only TCA | Pre-hospital and in-hospital TCA | In-hospital only TCA | |
Demographics | ||||
n (%) | 129 | 46 (35.7) | 57 (44.2) | 26 (20.2) |
Male, n (%) | 81 (62.8) | 26 (56.5) | 41 (71.9) | 14 (53.8) |
Median age (IQR)/years | 11.7 (3.4–16.6) | 12.1 (3.5–16.8) | 12.3 (4–16.6) | 6.8 (3.0–15.8) |
ISS | ||||
ISS (median (IQR)) | 34 (25–45) | 34 (26.8–50.0) | 34 (25.0–46.5) | 28 (24.0–42.0) |
1–8, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9–15, n (%) | 2 | 0 | 2 (3.5) | 0 |
16–75, n (%) | 127 | 46 (100) | 55 (96.5) | 26 (100) |
30-Day survival | ||||
Overall, N (%) | 7 (5.4) | 6 (13.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0 |
Blunt, n (%) | 6 (5.5) | 5 (12.5) | 1 (2.2) | 0 |
Penetrating, n (%) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0 | 0 |
Mode of injury, n (%) | ||||
Blunt | 110 (85.3) | 40 (87.0) | 46 (80.7) | 24 (92.3) |
Penetrating | 19 (14.7) | 6 (13.0) | 11 (19.3) | 2 (7.7) |
Mechanism of injury, n (%) | ||||
RTC | 73 (56.6) | 26 (56.5) | 29 (50.9) | 18 (69.2) |
Fall>2 m | 16 (12.4) | 7 (15.2) | 9 (15.8) | 0 |
Fall<2 m | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.2) | 0 | 1 (3.8) |
Stab/shot | 18 (14.0) | 5 (10.9) | 11 (19.3) | 2 (7.7) |
Blow | 7 (5.4) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (7.0) | 2 (7.7) |
Other | 13 (10.1) | 6 (13.0) | 4 (7.0) | 3 (11.5) |
Injury intent, n (%) | ||||
Non-intentional | 85 (65.9) | 31 (67.4) | 35 (61.4) | 19 (73.1) |
Alleged assault | 16 (12.4) | 4 (8.7) | 10 (17.5) | 2 (7.7) |
Suspected child abuse | 10 (7.8) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (8.8) | 3 (11.5) |
Suspected self-harm | 7 (5.4) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (5.3) | 2 (7.7) |
Sport | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.2) | 0 | 0 |
Suspected high-risk behaviour | 3 (2.3) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 |
Intent inconclusive | 7 (5.4) | 4 (8.7) | 3 (5.3) | 0 |
Receiving hospital, n (%) | ||||
Non-MTC | 56 (43.4) | 15 (32.6) | 28 (49.1) | 13 (50.0) |
Paediatric MTC | 8 (6.2) | 3 (6.5) | 4 (7.0) | 1 (3.8) |
Combined paediatric/adult MTC | 50 (38.8) | 21 (45.7) | 19 (33.3) | 10 (38.5) |
Adult MTC | 15 (11.6) | 7 (15.2) | 6 (10.5) | 2 (7.7) |
Arrival time, n (%) | ||||
00:00–07:59 | 13 (10.1) | 5 (10.9) | 4 (7.0) | 4 (15.4) |
08:00–15:59 | 42 (32.6) | 13 (28.3) | 20 (35.1) | 9 (34.6) |
16:00–19:59 | 41 (31.8) | 15 (32.6) | 17 (29.8) | 9 (34.6) |
20:00–23:59 | 32 (24.8) | 13 (28.3) | 16 (28.1) | 3 (11.5) |
AIS>3, n (%) | ||||
Head | 91 (70.5) | 35 (76.1) | 37 (64.9) | 19 (73.1) |
Thorax | 86 (66.7) | 30 (65.2) | 41 (71.9) | 15 (57.7) |
Abdomen | 25 (19.4) | 7 (15.2) | 11 (19.3) | 7 (26.9) |
Limb | 37 (28.7) | 11 (23.9) | 19 (33.3) | 7 (26.9) |
FNSB | 48 (37.2) | 8 (17.4) | 7 (12.3) | 2 (7.7) |
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; FNSB,face, neck, spine, back; ISS, Injury Severity Score; MTC, major trauma centre; RTC, road traffic collision; TCA, traumatic cardiac arrest.