Table 1

Effect of malnutrition on total clearance (CL) and half-life (t_1⁄2) of first-line anti-TB drugs primarily metabolised by the liver or primarily eliminated in the kidneys

Anti-TB drug	Severity of malnutrition	Mean CL (mL/min/kg)		Comment on drug CL (based on p values)	Mean t_1⁄2 (hour)		Comment on drug t_1⁄2 (based on p values)	Reference
Anti-TB drug	Severity of malnutrition	Normal healthy controls	Malnourished children	Comment on drug CL (based on p values)	Normal healthy controls	Malnourished children	Comment on drug t_1⁄2 (based on p values)	Reference
Isoniazid	Severe.	125.7±0.0*	329.4±0.0*	Significantly increased in malnutrition.	1.03±0.0	0.73±0.0	Significantly decreased in malnutrition.	19
	Non-severe.	4.1±0.5	2.9±0.3	Not significantly decreased in malnutrition.	3.6±0.3	3.90±0.3	Not significantly increased in malnutrition.	9
	Non-severe.	–	–	Insufficient evidence.	1.78±0.0	1.82±0.0	Not significantly increased in malnutrition.	20
	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	11
	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	21
Rifampicin	Severe and non-severe combined.	8.2±0.0	8.2±0.2	No significant change.	2.7±0.1	2.9±0.0	Not significantly increased in malnutrition.	22
	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	11
Pyrazinamide	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	10
	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	11
	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	21
Ethambutol	Non-severe.	33.6±14.2	67.0±91.2	Not significantly increased in malnutrition.	9.7±4.0	7.4±5.6	Not significantly decreased in malnutrition.	10
	Severe and non-severe.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	–	–	Parameter not assessed.	11

↵*Value in mL/min.
TB, tuberculosis.