Table 1

Descriptive statistics of PICU admissions by LLC status (with row %)

	Total	LLC	%	No LLC	%	Χ²	p Value
Number	154 667	89 127	57.6	65 540	42.4
Age category						556	<0.001
<1 year	72 170	42 232	58.5	29 938	41.5
1–4 years	39 571	23 097	58.4	16 474	41.6
5–10 years	20 448	11 982	58.6	8466	41.4
11–15 years	19 003	9542	50.2	9461	49.8
16+	3467	2267	65.4	1200	34.6
Missing	8	7		1
Sex						3.1	0.21
Male	87 686	50 422	57.5	37 264	42.5
Female	66 933	38 682	57.8	28 251	42.2
Missing	48	23		25
Ethnicity						233	<0.001
Non-South Asian	1 36 670	77 804	56.9	58 866	43.1
South Asian	17 997	11 323	62.9	6674	37.1
Deprivation category						74.7	<0.001
Category 1 (least deprived)	21 421	12 101	56.5	9320	43.5
Category 2	21 816	12 573	57.6	9243	42.4
Category 3	26 341	15 437	58.6	10 904	41.4
Category 4	34 498	19 935	57.8	14 563	42.2
Category 5 (most deprived)	49 538	28 361	57.3	21 177	42.7
Missing	1053	720		333
Diagnostic group (reason for PICU admission)						1300	<0.001
Neurological	17 270	8154	47.2	9116	52.8
Cardiac	44 767	32 465	72.5	12 302	27.5
Respiratory	42 230	21 687	51.4	20 543	48.6
Oncology	5190	4663	89.8	527	10.2
Infection	8014	3468	43.3	4546	56.7
Musculoskeletal	5736	3192	55.6	2544	44.4
Gastrointestinal	10 019	5245	52.4	4774	47.6
Other	8140	4554	55.9	3586	44.1
Blood and lymph	1456	757	52.0	699	48.0
Trauma	4581	405	8.8	4176	91.2
Endocrine/metabolic	3878	2131	55.0	1747	45.0
Multisystem	427	402	94.1	25	5.9
Body wall and cavities	2959	2004	67.7	808	32.3
Risk of mortality (PIM2)						2001	<0.001
<1%	48 957	25 583	52.3	23 374	47.7
1% to <5%	74 212	42 403	57.1	31 809	42.9
5% to <15%	24 727	16 261	65.8	8466	34.2
15% to <30%	4270	3321	77.8	949	22.2
>30%	2501	1559	62.3	942	37.7
LOS PICU (days)						5600	<0.001
<1	45 246	22 420	49.6	22 826	50.4
1 to <3	49 285	26 579	53.9	22 706	46.1
3 to <7	34 122	20 381	59.7	13 741	40.3
7 to <14	15 957	11 342	71.1	4615	28.9
14 to <28	6603	5401	81.8	1202	18.2
28+	3412	2986	87.5	426	12.5
Missing	42	18	42.9	24	57.1
Type of PICU admission						3600	<0.001
Planned, after surgery	49 749	33 034	66.4	16 715	33.6
Unplanned, after surgery	7688	3985	51.8	3703	48.2
Planned other	10 900	7551	69.3	3349	30.7
Unplanned	86 050	44 412	51.6	41 638	48.4
Not known	280	145		135
Year of PICU admission						574	<0.001
2004	12 293	6366	51.8	5927	48.2
2005	12 326	6531	53.0	5795	47.0
2006	12 634	7116	56.3	5518	43.7
2007	13 275	7492	56.4	5783	43.6
2008	13 462	7463	55.4	5999	44.6
2009	14 023	7994	57.0	6029	43.0
2010	14 185	8341	58.8	5844	41.2
2011	14 006	8282	59.1	5724	40.9
2012	14 597	8904	61.0	5693	39.0
2013	14 865	9126	61.4	5739	38.6
2014	14 973	9137	61.0	5836	39.0
2015	4028	2375	59.0	1653	41.0

LLC, life-limiting condition; LOS, length of stay; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit; PIM2, Paediatric Index of Mortality 2.