Table 3

Impact of age at diagnosis of coeliac disease on school achievement at ninth grade completion, taking child and parental characteristics into account

Child and parental characteristics		Model 1C		Model 2C		Model 3C		Model 4C
Child and parental characteristics		b	95% CI	b	95% CI	b	95% CI	b	95% CI
Age at diagnosis (years)	0–12	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	13–15	9.9*	1.8 to 18.1	10.5*	2.3 to 18.6	11.6*	3.3 to 19.9	7.1	−0.2 to 14.8
Sex	Male			Ref		Ref		Ref
	Female			22.1**	15.9 to 28.3	21.3**	14.9 to 27.6	22.9**	17.5 to 28.6
Year of birth	1991			Ref		Ref		Ref
	1992			−4.6	−13.2 to 3.9	−3.9	−12.7 to 4.9	−7.3	−13.8 to 2.0
	1993			5.5	−2.6 to 13.6	5.8	−2.5 to 14.1	0.1	−6.2 to 8.7
	1994			3.1	−6.3 to 12.5	2.8	−6.8 to 12.0	−1.3	−9.4 to 7.2
Apgar score at 5 min	7–10					Ref		Ref
	<7					11.2	−26.8 to 49.2	15.1	−20.8 to 45.5
Small for gestational age	No					Ref		Ref
	Yes					−14.8	−35.7 to 6.1	−9.4	−26.7 to 8.9
Family type	Married/cohabiting							Ref
	Single							−22.4**	−28.0 to −15.7
Mothers’ education	≤9 years schooling							Ref
	Upper secondary							23.1**	10.0 to 31.7
	University <2 years							46.2**	27.8 to 61.2
	University ≥2 years							45.3**	31.6 to 54.7
Mother’s income	Low							Ref
	Middle							6.4	1.2 to 14.8
	High							12.8*	6.2 to 20.2
Father’s education	≤9 years schooling							Ref
	Upper secondary							15.1**	7.2 to 22.9
	University <2 years							31.9**	19.4 to 43.4
	University >2 years							32.0**	21.6 to 41.0
Father’s income	Low							Ref
	Middle							8.6**	2.3 to 16.0
	High							17.7**	11.1 to 25.8

Model 1C contains age at diagnosis, model 2C contains age at diagnosis plus children’s demographic characteristics, model 3C contains model 2 plus children’s health characteristics, and model 4C contains model 3 plus parental characteristics.
Ordinary least squares regression, b=unstandardised coefficients, n=1767.
*p<0.05; **p<0.001.