Associations between self-reported screen time (television, video and computer games) and adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers
| None (n=180) | An hour or less (n=1664) | 1–2 hours (n=1268) | 2–3 hours (n=575) | More than three hours (n=808) | p (linear trend) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % difference compared with ‘An hour or less self-reported screen time’ as the reference group (95% CI), p (difference) | ||||||
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | −1.2 (−3.7 to 1.3) | 0 | 1.5 (0.3 to 2.8) | 1.0 (−0.6 to 2.6) | 1.9 (0.5 to 3.4) | 0.003 |
| Sum of skinfolds (mm) | −5.7 (−12.4 to 1.6) | 0 | 4.6 (1.0 to 8.4) | 2.3 (−2.3 to 7.1) | 4.5 (0.2 to 8.8) | 0.01 |
| Fat mass index (kg/m5) | −5.9 (−11.2 to −0.2) | 0 | 2.8 (0.0 to 5.7) | 1.6 (−2.0 to 5.3) | 3.3 (0.0 to 6.7) | 0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.4 (−0.6 to 1.3) | 0 | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.7) | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.1) | 0.0 (−0.5 to 0.5) | 0.68 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | −0.4 (−1.6 to 0.8) | 0 | 0.5 (−0.1 to 1.0) | 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.9) | 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.8) | 0.40 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 3.1 (−6.2 to 13.3) | 0 | 9.0 (4.2 to 14.0) | 4.9 (−1.0 to 11.2) | 10.7 (5.1 to 16.7) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.2 (−6.1 to 13.3) | 0 | 8.9 (4.2 to 13.9) | 5.3 (−0.6 to 11.6) | 10.5 (4.9 to 16.4) | <0.001 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | −9.0 (−20.9 to 4.6) | 0 | 10.9 (3.8 to 18.5) | 9.3 (0.3 to 19.1) | 9.2 (1.1 to 18.0) | 0.002 |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | −23.5 (−37.4 to −6.6) | 0 | 1.8 (−7.4 to 12.0) | 0.8 (−10.9 to 14.1) | 0.9 (−9.7 to 12.8) | 0.26 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.7 (−5.0 to 6.7) | 0 | 3.2 (0.4 to 6.1) | 2.2 (−1.4 to 5.9) | 3.3 (0.0 to 6.7) | 0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.7 (−3.7 to 2.4) | 0 | −1.1 (−2.5 to 0.4) | 0.1 (−1.8 to 2.0) | −1.6 (−3.3 to 0.1) | 0.17 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | −2.2 (−5.8 to 1.6) | 0 | −1.1 (−2.9 to 0.7) | −2.5 (−4.7 to −0.1) | −2.0 (−4.1 to 0.1) | 0.06 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | −1.3 (−3.8 to 1.3) | 0 | −0.6 (−1.8 to 0.6) | −1.1 (−2.6 to 0.5) | −1.4 (−2.8 to 0.1) | 0.10 |
| Difference compared with ‘An hour or less self-reported screen time’ as the reference group (95% CI), p (difference) | ||||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.3 (−1.3 to 1.9) | 0 | 0.2 (−0.6 to 0.9) | −0.2 (−1.2 to 0.7) | −0.5 (−1.4 to 0.4) | 0.24 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.0 (−1.4 to 1.4) | 0 | 0.0 (−0.7 to 0.7) | −0.2 (−1.0 to 0.7) | 0.0 (−0.8 to 0.8) | 0.85 |
| Daily counts* | 11 286 (−10 753 to 33 325) | 0 | −4720 (−15 012 to 5572) | −13 490 (−26 724 to −256) | −6637 (−18 815 to 5541) | 0.05 |
| Daily time spent in MVPA (mins)* | 2.0 (−2.3 to 6.3) | 0 | −0.3 (−2.3 to 1.7) | −2.6 (−5.2 to −0.1) | −1.2 (−3.6 to 1.2) | 0.06 |
Differences (% differences) adjusted for sex, age (quartiles), ethnic group, month and a random effect to allow for clustering within schools.
Percentage differences are presented for log-transformed variables.
*Based on 2031 participants with data for daily counts and daily time spent in MVPA, the numbers for each screen time group were as follows: none=80, an hour or less=729, 1–2 hours=593, 2–3 hours=270, more than 3 hours=359.
BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IR, insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity.