Baseline demographics, clinical and biochemical characteristics of the 90 children included in the analysis
| Characteristics | All children (n=90) | Family summer camp (n=46) | Family lifestyle school (n=44) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 9.7 (1.2) | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.7 (1.2) |
| Gender (female) | 45 (50) | 20 (44) | 25 (57) |
| Ethnicity (European white) | 77 (86) | 41 (89) | 36 (82) |
| Anthropometric measures | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 (3.9) | 28.2 (4.1) | 29.3 (3.7) |
| BMI SD score | 3.46 (0.75) | 3.41 (0.79) | 3.51 (0.71) |
| Weight (kg) | 61.0 (13.9) | 59.8 (14.7) | 62.3 (13.0) |
| Height (cm) | 144.8 (8.5) | 144.5 (8.8) | 145.1 (8.2) |
| Body fat (%) | 37.2 (5.9) | 36.4 (5.9) | 38.1 (5.8) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 23.3 (8.6) | 22.1 (9.1) | 23.9 (8.9) |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 37.7 (6.5) | 37.4 (6.8) | 38.0 (6.3) |
| Waist (cm) | 90.0 (10.3) | 88.9 (10.1) | 91.1 (10.5) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.62 (0.06) | 0.61 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.06) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 109 (10) | 108 (10) | 109 (10) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 60 (8) | 59 (7) | 61 (8) |
| Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 82 (13)* | 78 (12) | 85 (13) |
| Physical capacity—6 min walk test | |||
| Walking distance (m) | 583 (57) | 593 (51) | 572 (61) |
| Biochemical analysis | n=39 | n=33 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.6 (0.3) | 4.6 (0.3) | 4.7 (0.4) |
| HOMA-IR | 3.9 (3.0)* | 3.0 (2.2) | 4.8 (3.4) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||
| Total | 4.7 (0.7) | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.9) |
| HDL | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) |
| LDL | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.8) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.6) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 31 (7) | 32 (7) | 30 (5) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 26 (11) | 26 (11) | 27 (12) |
| Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 21 (7)* | 20 (7) | 22 (7) |
| High-sensitivity C reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.3 (3.5) | 3.4 (3.8) | 3.1 (3.2) |
Values are reported as mean (SD) or number (%).
*Indicates p<0.05 for between-group differences.
BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.