Studies of new biomarkers for AKI in children
| Study | Biomarkers | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Du et al18 | Urine KIM-1, NGAL, β2M, IL-18, osteopontin | 232 children presenting to emergency care. KIM-1, NGAL and β2M all demonstrated good accuracy with 25%–50% reduction in eCCl. |
| Zappitelli et al19 | Plasma: Cys-C | 288 children undergoing cardiac surgery. Postoperative Cys-C predicted length of stay in PICU. |
| Buelow et al20 | Urine: NGAL, IL-18 | 20 children undergoing cardiac surgery. NGAL and IL-18 early predictive biomarkers of AKI. |
| Genc et al21 | Urine: KIM-1 | 48 premature babies. Serial urinary KIM-1 was a maker of kidney injury. |
| Basu et al17 | Plasma: NGAL, MMP-8, Ela-2 | 214 children admitted to PICU with sepsis. Biomarker performance improved in combination with risk stratification. |
| McCaffrey et al22 | Plasma: NGAL, Cys-C Urine: NGAL, KIM-1 | Mixed cohort of 49 children in PICU. Plasma NGAL predicted AKI; Cys-C mirrored change in SCr. |
| Westhoff et al23 | Urine: TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 | 133 mixed cohort of children. The [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP-7] product diagnosed AKI and predicted adverse outcomes. |
AKI, acute kidney injury; B2M, Beta-2 microglobulin; Cys-C, cystatin C; eCCl, estimated creatinine clearance; IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein; IL, interleukin; KIM, kidney injury molecule; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit; SCr, serum creatinine; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.