WHO severity criteria in patients with and without major interventions in165 children with imported falciparum malaria
| Characteristics, n (%) | ≥1 Major interventions (n=45) | 0 Major intervention (n=120) | OR (95% CI)* | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO characteristics | ||||
| Impaired consciousness (GCS<15) | 27/45 (60.0%) | 17/120 (14.2%) | 9.1 (3.9 to 21.5) | <0.0001 |
| Seizure | 5/45 (11.1%) | 4/120 (3.4%) | 3.6 (0.9 to 14.2) | 0.05 |
| Circulatory collapse | 14/45 (31.1%) | 0/120 (0%) | 111 (6.4 to 1911)† | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory distress | 4/45 (8.9%) | 2/119 (1.7%) | 5.7 (1.0 to 32.6) | 0.27 |
| Coagulation disorders | 2/45 (4.4%) | 1/120 (0.8%) | 5.5 (0.5 to 62.6) | 0.12 |
| Jaundice | 12/45 (26.7%) | 10/120 (8.3%) | 4.0 (1.6 to 10.1) | <0.01 |
| Renal failure | 10/45 (22.2%) | 2/120 (1.7%) | 16.9 (3.5 to 80.6) | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobinuria | 5/45 (11.1%) | 4/120 (3.4%) | 3.6 (0.9 to 14.2) | 0.05 |
| Hypoglycaemia (<2.2 mmol/L) | 2/39 (5.1%) | 0/77 (0%) | 10 (0.5 to 221)† | 0.05 |
| Anaemia (<50 g/L) | 6/45 (13.3%) | 0/110 (0%) | 36 (2 to 661)† | <0.0001 |
| Parasitaemia (>10%) | 14/43 (32.6%) | 9/105 (8.6%) | 5.1 (2.0 to 13.1) | <0.001 |
| Acidosis‡ | 14/41 (34.2%) | 4/84 (4.8%) | 10.4 (3.1 to 34.2) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlactataemia (>5 mmol/L) | 4/23 (17.4%) | 1/9 (11.1%) | 1.7 (0.2 to 17.5) | 0.66 |
| Bilirubin concentration >50 µmol/L | 11/34 (32.4%) | 4/71 (5.6%) | 8.0 (2.3 to 27.6) | <0.001 |
| Additional characteristics | ||||
| Anaemia (<70 g/L) | 27/45 (60.0%) | 8/110 (7.3%) | 19.1 (7.5 to 48.7) | <0.0001 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<50 000 platelets/mm3 | 22/45 (48.9%) | 10/111 (9.0%) | 9.7 (4.0 to 23.2) | <0.0001 |
*Fisher's exact test.
†An approximate OR was calculated by adding 0.5 to each cell.
‡Acidosis was defined as HCO3− concentration <15 mmol/L and/or base excess >−10 and/or pH <7.35.
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.