Commonly used rheumatological drugs and their respiratory side effects
| Drug | Indication | Pulmonary complication158 |
|---|---|---|
| Methotrexate | JIA, JDM, JSLE, SSc, vasculitis, sarcoidosis | Pulmonary toxicity (methotrexate lung) |
| Azathioprine | JIA, vasculitis | Interstitial pneumonitis, bronchiolitis and diffuse alveolar damage |
| Cytokine modulators (etanercept, infliximab, rituximab) | JIA | Interstitial pneumonitis |
| Sulfasalazine | JIA | Fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial pneumonitis |
| Cyclophosphamide | Arthritis | Interstitial pneumonitis |
| Leflunomide | Arthritis | Interstitial pneumonitis |
JDM, juvenile dermatomyositis; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; JSLE, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus; SSc, systemic sclerosis.