Conduct problems | Hyperactivity/inattention | Emotional symptoms | Peer relationship problems | Prosocial behaviour | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff. (95% CI) | p | Coeff. (95% CI) | p | Coeff. (95% CI) | p | Coeff. (95% CI) | p | Coeff. (95% CI) | p | |
Model A) TV/video/DVDs only | ||||||||||
TV/video/DVDs | ||||||||||
None | 0.10 (−0.09 to 0.28) | 0.303 | −0.21 (−0.59 to 0.17) | 0.274 | −0.04 (−0.28 to 0.20) | 0.751 | −0.07 (−0.26 to 0.11) | 0.430 | 0.05 (−0.18 to 0.28) | 0.671 |
<1 h | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | |||||
1 to <3 h | 0.07 (0.00 to 0.14) | 0.051 | 0.00 (−0.11 to 0.11) | 0.979 | 0.02 (−0.07 to 0.10) | 0.690 | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.07) | 0.869 | 0.06 (−0.02 to 0.14) | 0.118 |
3+ h | 0.15 (0.05 to 0.25) | 0.003 | 0.05 (−0.09 to 0.19) | 0.465 | 0.03 (−0.10 to 0.15) | 0.683 | 0.09 (−0.01 to 0.18) | 0.086 | −0.04 (−0.14 to 0.06) | 0.442 |
Model B) Electronic games only | ||||||||||
Electronic games | ||||||||||
None | 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.13) | 0.070 | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) | 0.475 | 0.07 (−0.01 to 0.15) | 0.094 | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.02) | 0.193 | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.03) | 0.206 |
<1 h | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | |||||
1 to <3 h | 0.07 (−0.02 to 0.17) | 0.130 | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.06) | 0.396 | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.12) | 0.467 | −0.06 (−0.13 to 0.02) | 0.133 | 0.00 (−0.08 to 0.08) | 0.989 |
3+ h | 0.19 (−0.02 to 0.40) | 0.075 | 0.16 (−0.14 to 0.46) | 0.300 | 0.26 (−0.05 to 0.57) | 0.106 | 0.15 (−0.07 to 0.37) | 0.194 | −0.12 (−0.36 to 0.12) | 0.338 |
Model C) Different types of screen time (TV/video/DVDs and electronic games) mutually adjusted for one another | ||||||||||
TV/video/DVDs | ||||||||||
None | 0.08 (−0.10 to 0.27) | 0.380 | −0.22 (−0.60 to 0.16) | 0.261 | −0.05 (−0.30 to 0.19) | 0.660 | −0.07 (−0.25 to 0.11) | 0.459 | 0.06 (−0.17 to 0.29) | 0.630 |
<1 h | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | |||||
1 h to <3 h | 0.07 (0.00 to 0.14) | 0.048 | 0.01 (−0.10 to 0.12) | 0.900 | 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.10) | 0.637 | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | 0.813 | 0.06 (−0.02 to 0.13) | 0.146 |
3+ h | 0.13 (0.03 to 0.24) | 0.010 | 0.06 (−0.09 to 0.20) | 0.436 | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14) | 0.911 | 0.08 (−0.02 to 0.18) | 0.100 | −0.04 (−0.15 to 0.06) | 0.436 |
Electronic games | ||||||||||
None | 0.06 (0.00 to 0.13) | 0.060 | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) | 0.431 | 0.07 (−0.01 to 0.15) | 0.085 | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.02) | 0.202 | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.03) | 0.232 |
<1 h | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | |||||
1 h to <3 h | 0.06 (−0.04 to 0.15) | 0.231 | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.06) | 0.337 | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.12) | 0.478 | −0.07 (−0.14 to 0.01) | 0.081 | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.09) | 0.860 |
3+ h | 0.16 (−0.06 to 0.38) | 0.146 | 0.14 (−0.17 to 0.45) | 0.371 | 0.26 (−0.06 to 0.58) | 0.106 | 0.12 (−0.10 to 0.33) | 0.300 | −0.08 (−0.33 to 0.16) | 0.503 |
Model D) Combined screen time (TV/video/DVDs and electronic games) | ||||||||||
Neither | −0.05 (−0.30 to 0.20) | 0.718 | −0.30 (−0.92 to 0.31) | 0.330 | −0.02 (−0.32 to 0.29) | 0.908 | 0.12 (−0.16 to 0.39) | 0.401 | 0.06 (−0.26 to 0.39) | 0.706 |
Both <1 h, one or both >zero | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | Reference group | |||||
Both <3 h, one or both >1 h | 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.13) | 0.091 | 0.01 (−0.11 to 0.13) | 0.896 | 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.10) | 0.696 | 0.00 (−0.06 to 0.07) | 0.881 | 0.07 (−0.01 to 0.14) | 0.070 |
Either/both for 3+ h | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.24) | 0.003 | 0.04 (−0.10 to 0.18) | 0.581 | 0.06 (−0.07 to 0.19) | 0.373 | 0.09 (0.00 to 0.18) | 0.061 | −0.03 (−0.13 to 0.08) | 0.620 |
Models adjusted for gender, age in months at the age 7 years interview, relevant Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) score at age 5 years, sociodemographic factors and maternal characteristics (mother's ethnicity, maternal education, equivalised household income, maternal employment, maternal health, biological father's presence and number of child's siblings in household); family functioning (warmth and conflict in the mother-child relationship, frequency of parent-child joint activities and household chaos) and child characteristics (British Ability Scale picture similarities and naming vocabulary scores, limiting long-term illness or disability, sleeping difficulties, physical activity and negative attitudes to school).