Appendix 4

Amino acid profile on day 5

Amino acid (mmol/l)	PE-group (n=8)	S-group (n=10)	p Value	Reference values (mmol/l)
Methionine^*	36±2	28±2	<0.05	30–59
Histidine^*	72±5	58±4	<0.05	59–110
Phenylalanine^*	77±4	64±3	<0.05	43–87
Tryptophan^*	75±5	65±6	NS	36–92
Lysine^*	238±27	155±14	<0.05	38–144
Threonine^*	244±44	195±20	NS	88–169
Isoleucine^*^†	35±4	27±2	0.091	36–89
Leucine^*^†	128±6	113±5	0.075	48–145
Valine^*^†	142±9	113±4	<0.05	108–214
Ornithine	104±9	80±8	<0.05	67–150
Glutamine acid	198±21	191±20	NS	181–379
Asparagine	68±8	67±6	NS	35–78
Serine	154±8	143±9	NS	103–257
Glutamine	646±61	610±30	NS	314–620
Glycine	257±20	250±13	NS	33–180
Citrulline	22±3	22±2	NS	20–125
Arginine	101±13	89±7	NS	40–99
Alanine	332±63	294±20	NS	227–388
Taurine	28±6	27±3	NS
Tyrosine	70±5	59±5	NS	34–135
Sum of all AA	3026±226	2648±98	NS
Essential AA	1047±80	817±42	<0.05
Branched chain AA	305±17	252±9	<0.001

Data are presented as mean±SEM.
↵* Essential AAs.
↵† Branched chain AAs.
AA, amino acids; PE-group, protein and energy enriched formula fed group; S-group, standard formula fed group; Sum of all AA, sum of all measured AA.
Reference values are derived from Scott et al. Clin Chem 1990;36:1922–7.