Author Year Country | Study design | Article/abstract | Disease/working diagnosis | Primary outcome: revisits | N total, male % | N outcome, male % | Age inclusion Median (IQR)/mean age (SD) | Follow-up* (days) | Type of revisit | Risk of bias (high/low) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baker 2009 USA | CP | Article | Fever | Yes | 280 NR | 105 NR | 3–36 months NR | 319–656† | suR | Low |
Bloch 2013 USA | RCT | Article | All‡ | No | 436 54% | 216 58% | 1 month to 18 years NR | 2–5 | NA | Low |
Browne 2001 Australia | BA | Article | GE, asthma, croup | Yes | 5534 NR | 240 NR | NR | NR | suR | High |
Considine 2007 Australia | BA | Article | Fever | No | 40 NR | 15 NR | <16 years 3.1 years ±2.5 before 1.8 years ±1.3 after | 2 | NA | High |
Chande 1996 USA | RCT | Article | All | Yes | 130 59% | 37 NR | All 39 months§ ±36 63 months¶ ±58 | 30, 90 and 180 | suR | High |
Fagbuyi 2011 USA | CP | Article | Influenza-like | No | 38 646 53% | 1091 NR | 6 months to 21 years 82.3 months ±84.6 | 7 | uR | High |
Horne 1995 USA | CP | Article | All | No | 250 NR | 171 NR | All NR | 3 | NA | Low |
Ismail 2013 USA | RCT | Abstract | Fever | No | 63 16% | NR | NR | 14 | NR | High |
Lawrence 2009 USA | CR | Article | All | Yes | 40 418 NR | 979 NR | NR 2 years (0.5–7.0) | 3 | suR | High |
Maguire** 2011 UK | CP | Article | Fever | No | 220 56% | 29/56 NR | <5 years 27% ≤1 years | NS | suR | High |
Moineau** 2004 Canada | CR | Abstract | GE | Yes | 1862 NR | 108 NR | NR 2.6 years ±2.8 | 7 | uR | High |
O'Neill-Murphy 2001 USA | BA | Article | Fever | No | 87 NR | NR | 3 months to 5 years NR | 14, 56 | suR | High |
O'Neill 2001 USA | CR | Article | All | No | NR | NR | NR | NR | NA | High |
Patel 2009 USA | nRCT | Article | GE | No | 291 NS | NA | 3 months to 18 years 60% <1 years | 1, 2 | NA | High |
Porter 2000 USA | CP | Article | Fever | No | 92 NR | NA | ≤36 months 27,4 years ±9,2 | NA | NA | High |
Roland 2011 UK | CP | Abstract | Fever | No | 457 NR | NR | NR | NR | uR | High |
Scarfone 1996 USA | CP | Article | All | No | 179 55% | 91 NR | NR 31 months†† | 1 | NA | Low |
Yang 2012 Taiwan | BA | Article | All | Yes | 1285 54% | 9 56% | NR 34 months§ (0–207) | 3 | suR | High |
*Time until revisit.
†See online supplementary information 2.
‡Common illnesses, without children with traumatic presenting symptoms.
§In the intervention group.
¶In the control group.
**Studies included for both study aims (Maguire et al 2011 and Moineau et al 2004).
††Mean (CI).
All, all ED diagnoses; BA, before after trial; CP, cohort study, prospective; CR, cohort study, retrospective; GE, gastroenteritis; NA, not applicable; NR, not recorded; nRCT, non-randomised controlled trial; NS, not specified; RCT, randomised controlled trial; suR, scheduled and unscheduled revisit; uR, unscheduled revisit.