Primary renal diseases in 288 children <16 years of age with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease included in the study
| Disease | Number (%) |
|---|---|
| Renal dysplasia±reflux disease | 127 (44%) |
| Dysplasia, hypoplasia or multicystic dysplastic kidney disease | 69 |
| Vesicoureteric reflux or reflux nephropathy | 36 |
| Dysfunctional or neuropathic bladder | 8 |
| HNF1β mutation | 7 |
| Prune belly syndrome | 3 |
| PAX2 mutation | 2 |
| Others | 2 |
| Obstructive uropathy | 43 (15%) |
| Posterior urethral valves | 41 |
| Others | 2 |
| Glomerular disease | 50 (17%) |
| Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis | 11 |
| Infection associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 10 |
| Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome | 1 |
| ANCA-associated vasculitis | 6 |
| Alport syndrome | 3 |
| IgA nephropathy | 2 |
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease | 1 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 1 |
| Others | 15 |
| Renovascular disease | 19 (7%) |
| Cortical necrosis, ischaemic nephropathy | 12 |
| Sepsis | 2 |
| Renal arterial stenosis | 1 |
| Others | 4 |
| Metabolic renal disease | 16 (6%) |
| Nephropathic cystinosis | 11 |
| Others | 5 |
| Tubulointerstitial disease | 12 (4%) |
| Nephronophthisis | 6 |
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis | 4 |
| Others | 2 |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 10 (3%) |
| Autosomal recessive kidney disease | 9 |
| Autosomal dominant kidney disease | 1 |
| Congenital nephrotic syndrome | 4 (1%) |
| Aetiology unknown | 7 (2%) |
ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.