ORs from multivariable ordinal regression models of young people's pain in previous week*
| Severity of pain | Frequency of pain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR† | (95% CI) | p Value‡ | OR† | (95% CI) | p Value‡ | |
| Self-report of pain by young person (n=425) | ||||||
| Gender | <0.0001 | 0.0006 | ||||
| Boy | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Girl | 2.1 | (1.5 to 3.0) | 1.9 | (1.3 to 2.7) | ||
| Emotional difficulties score (by quartile) | 0.001 | 0.0002 | ||||
| 0–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| >1–3 | 1.4 | (0.9 to 2.3) | 1.3 | (0.8 to 2.2) | ||
| >3–5 | 1.8 | (1.1 to 3.0) | 1.8 | (1.1 to 3.1) | ||
| >5–10 | 3.1 | (1.7 to 5.6) | 3.5 | (1.9 to 6.3) | ||
| Parent-report of their child’s pain (n=655) | ||||||
| Emotional difficulties score (by quartile) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| >1–3 | 1.7 | (1.2 to 2.4) | 1.5 | (1.1 to 2.2) | ||
| >3–5 | 2.4 | (1.6 to 3.5) | 2.0 | (1.4 to 3.0) | ||
| >5–10 | 4.2 | (2.7 to 6.6) | 4.1 | (2.6 to 6.4) | ||
| Walking ability (captured by gross motor function) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| I. Walks without limitation | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| II. Walks with limitation | 1.4 | (1.0 to 2.2) | 1.3 | (0.9 to 2.0) | ||
| III. Walks with assistive devices | 1.5 | (0.9 to 2.4) | 1.6 | (1.0 to 2.5) | ||
| IV. Unable to walk, limited self-mobility | 2.1 | (1.3 to 3.2) | 2.0 | (1.3 to 3.0) | ||
| V. Unable to walk, severely limited self-mobility | 5.1 | (3.4 to 7.6) | 4.9 | (3.3 to 7.4) | ||
*All models were stratified by region. Young people with missing data, either on pain outcomes or on factors included in the model, were excluded.
†ORs <1.0 indicate a higher level of pain in that group than in the reference group.
‡p Values are from the likelihood ratio test statistic comparing models with and without the corresponding factor.