Characteristics of children with and without IFALD
| Characteristics (% of total in each category) | No IFALD | IFALD | Total | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 219 (78%) | 60 (22%) | 279 | |
| Male | 122 | 25 | 147 | 0.05 |
| Premature neonate | 23 | 13 | 36 (13% of all cases) | 0.03 |
| Median gestational age (weeks, range) | 29 (24–35) | 29 (24–36) | 29 (24–36) | |
| Median age at start of PN (years, range) | 1.5 (birth–18.1) | 0.6 (birth–16.4) | 1.3 (birth–18) | 0.03 |
| Median start <1 year | 86 (69%) | 39 (31%) | 125 | <0.001 |
| Median start <1 month | 35 (76%) | 11 (24%) | 46 | |
| Median start 1–6 months | 32 (67%) | 16 (33%) | 48 | |
| Median start 6–12 months | 19 (61%) | 12 (39%) | 31 | |
| Median start >1 year | 133 (83%) | 21 (17%) | 154 | |
| Median duration of PN (days, range) | 51 (28–350) | 77 (28–276) | 54 (28–350) | <0.001 |
| Duration <30 days | 16 (89%) | 2 (11%) | 18 | 0.3 |
| Duration 30–90 days | 156 (72%) | 34 (18%) | 190 | 0.04 |
| Duration >90 days | 47 (66%) | 24 (34%) | 71 | 0.007 |
| Median duration of hospitalisation (days, range) | 86 (30–506) | 119 (41–460) | 92 (30–506) | 0.01 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| PNDD | 130 (84%) | 24 (16%) | 154 | 0.01 |
| Oncology | 69 (86%) | 11 (14%) | 80 | 0.07 |
| Immunology | 40 (80%) | 10 (20%) | 50 | 0.8 |
| Cardiology | 7 (78%) | 2 (22%) | 9 | 1 |
| Other | 14 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 15 | 0.2 |
| After chemotherapy | 109 (84%) | 21 (16%) | 130 | |
| PDD | 89 (71%) | 36 (29%) | 125 | 0.01 |
| Gastroenterology | 39 (78%) | 11 (22%) | 50 | 1 |
| Enteropathy | 34 | 7 | 41 | |
| Motility disorder | 5 | 4 | 9 | |
| Surgical | 50 (67%) | 25 (33%) | 75 | 0.005 |
| NEC | 14 | 9 | 24 | |
| Atresia | 9 | 7 | 16 | |
| Gastroschisis | 9 | 5 | 14 | |
| Exomphalos | – | 2 | 2 | |
| Hirschsprung | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Malrotation/volvulus | 7 | 1 | 8 | |
| Outcome and prognosis | ||||
| Enteral feeding | 166 (81%) | 40 (19%) | 204 | 0.3 |
| Home PN | 27 (79%) | 7 (21%) | 34 | 0.6 |
| Death | 26 (67%) | 13 (33%) | 39 | 0.06 |
| Death related to underlying disease | 19 (83%) | 4 (17%) | 23 | 0.006 |
| Death related to PN | 7 (47%) | 9 (53%) | 16 | 0.1 |
| Sepsis | 7 (57%) | 6 (43%) | 13 | |
| IFALD | – | 3 (100%) | 3 | |
| IFALD | 60 (22% of all 279 cases) | |||
| Type 1 IFALD | 31 (52% of IFALD) | |||
| Type 2 IFALD | 16 (27% of IFALD) | |||
| Type 3 IFALD | 13 (22%) | |||
| Sepsis | 115 (75%) | 38 (25%) | 153 | 0.1 |
IFALD, intestinal failure-associated liver disease; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis; PDD, primary digestive disease; PN, parenteral nutrition; PNDD, primary non-digestive disease.