Conditions | Primary Prevention Options |
---|---|
Known Factors (40%-62%) | |
Prenatal Family history of deafness Consanguinity | None Parental counselling |
Genetic: Syndromic Treacher-Collins syndrome Pendred syndrome Ushers syndrome Waardenburg syndrome Jervell and Lange-Neilsen syndrome Others (eg. Hunter syndrome) | Genetic evaluation and counselling Discourage consanguineous marriages As above As above As above As above As above |
Genetic Non-Syndromic Connexin 26 (35del G mutation) Connexin 31 Others | Genetic evaluation and counselling Discourage consanguineous marriages As above As above |
Chromosomal Down syndrome Edward syndrome Patau syndrome Turner syndrome | Genetic evaluation Prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy As above As above As above |
Acquired Congenital Infections Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Simplex Toxoplasmosis Syphilis | Rubella vaccination for girls and infants Health education on secondary prevention Health education/caesarean section Health education/treat mother Health education/treat mother |
Natal Lack of skilled birth attendant Mode of delivery Maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy Birth trauma Birth asphyxia Prematurity/Low birthweight | Maternal education and improved obstetric and childcare practices As above As above As above As above As above |
Postnatal Neonatal sepsis Neonatal meningitis Neonatal jaundice Ototoxicity (eg, aminoglycosides) Undernutrition | Improved obstetric and neonatal care Vaccination (especially in at-risk population) Early detection and prompt treatment Avoidance/rational use of ototoxic drugs Early nutritional intervention |
Unknown Factors (38%-60%) | None. Further research required. |
* Adapted from Olusanya and Newton.2