Environmental factors reported to be associated with ADHD
| Maternally related prenatal risks | Alcohol in pregnancy |
| Smoking in pregnancy | |
| Drug use in pregnancyMaternal stress in pregnancy | |
| Maternal health in pregnancy (obesity) | |
| Pregnancy and birth complications | Bleeding in pregnancy |
| Protracted/complicated delivery | |
| Prematurity/low birth weight/intrauterine growth restriction | |
| Low APGAR score | |
| External agents | Infections |
| Exposure to lead and other toxins eg, PCB | |
| Nutritional factors | |
| Psychosocial adversities |
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl.