Odds of socioemotional difficulties data and regression coefficients for cognitive test scores at age 3 by family income
| % | Model A | Model B | Model C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioemotional difficulties† (n=11 562) | ||||
| Richest | 2.36 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 3.28 | 1.30 (0.62 to 2.71) | 1.24 (0.59 to 2.59) | 1.20 (0.55 to 2.65) |
| Band 3 | 5.85 | 2.22 (1.08 to 4.57) | 1.99 (0.96 to 4.11) | 2.06 (0.95 to 4.50) |
| Band 4 | 11.06 | 3.72 (1.85 to 7.50) | 2.98 (1.48 to 6.03) | 2.57 (1.20 to 5.50) |
| Poorest | 16.41 | 4.88 (2.43 to 9.79) | 3.75 (1.87 to 7.54) | 2.81 (1.31 to 6.03) |
| Don't know or refused | 9.67 | 3.39 (1.71 to 6.72) | 2.60 (1.31 to 5.15) | 2.11 (1.00 to 4.43) |
| Mean | Model A | Model B | Model C | |
| School readiness (n=10 930) | ||||
| Richest | 113.98 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 111.24 | −2.39 (−3.89 to −0.88) | −1.91 (−3.31 to −0.51) | −1.84 (−3.22 to −0.46) |
| Band 3 | 108.00 | −5.18 (−6.83 to −3.52) | −4.32 (−5.88 to −2.76) | −4.29 (−5.80 to −2.78) |
| Band 4 | 103.70 | −8.13 (−9.81 to −6.45) | −6.46 (−8.05 to −4.86) | −6.01 (−7.54 to −4.47) |
| Poorest | 99.36 | −11.66 (−13.24 to −10.07) | −9.58 (−11.12 to −8.04) | −8.52 (−10.03 to −7.02) |
| Don't know or refused | 104.18 | −8.12 (−9.84 to −6.41) | −6.40 (−8.00 to −4.79) | −5.97 (−7.57 to −4.37) |
| Verbal ability (n=11 467) | ||||
| Richest | 53.93 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 53.71 | −0.10 (−1.05 to 0.86) | 0.15 (−0.80 to 1.09) | 0.12 (−0.80 to 1.04) |
| Band 3 | 52.71 | −0.94 (−1.84 to −0.05) | −0.48 (−1.36 to 0.40) | −0.55 (−1.40 to 0.30) |
| Band 4 | 50.00 | −2.89 (−3.80 to −1.98) | −2.00 (−2.91 to −1.08) | −1.85 (−2.74 to −0.95) |
| Poorest | 47.62 | −4.77 (−5.72 to −3.81) | −3.67 (−4.61 to −2.72) | −3.19 (−4.13 to −2.25) |
| Don't know or refused | 50.97 | −2.05 (−3.09 to −1.01) | −1.16 (−2.17 to −0.16) | −0.99 (−1.99 to 0.01) |
Model A adjusts for: gender, child is firstborn, languages spoken in the home, mother's age at time of birth.
Model B additionally adjusts for: a parent has basic skills difficulties, someone reads stories to the child, visits to the library, help with the alphabet, help with numbers/counting, learning songs, poems and rhymes, does drawing and painting, regular bedtimes, regular mealtimes.
Model C additionally adjusts for: maternal K6 score, child–parent relationship (Pianta) scale, discipline strategies, parent–child items from the HOME Inventory, mother's parenting competence, family rules, enforcement of rules.
↵† Models also adjust for child's age.
HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment.