Odds of socioemotional difficulties data and regression coefficients for cognitive test scores at age 5 by family income
| % | Model A | Model B | Model C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioemotional difficulties† (n=13 603) | ||||
| Richest | 2.03 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 4.00 | 1.84 (1.14 to 2.97) | 1.72 (1.06 to 2.77) | 1.49 (0.92 to 2.40) |
| Band 3 | 6.43 | 2.72 (1.76 to 4.23) | 2.47 (1.59 to 3.84) | 2.00 (1.29 to 3.10) |
| Band 4 | 11.24 | 4.40 (2.89 to 6.69) | 3.52 (2.33 to 5.31) | 2.53 (1.67 to 3.83) |
| Poorest | 15.88 | 5.82 (3.73 to 9.07) | 4.44 (2.86 to 6.90) | 3.03 (1.95 to 4.71) |
| Don't know or refused | 11.98 | 5.21 (3.23 to 8.39) | 3.97 (2.49 to 6.32) | 2.78 (1.73 to 4.48) |
| Mean | Model A | Model B | Model C | |
| Verbal ability (n=13 537) | ||||
| Richest | 59.85 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 57.66 | −1.86 (−2.73 to −0.99) | −1.71 (−2.58 to −0.85) | −1.68 (−2.54 to −0.81) |
| Band 3 | 56.13 | −2.79 (−3.64 to −1.95) | −2.57 (−3.40 to −1.75) | −2.49 (−3.31 to −1.66) |
| Band 4 | 53.09 | −4.86 (−5.74 to −3.99) | −4.31 (−5.16 to −3.46) | −4.18 (−5.03 to −3.33) |
| Poorest | 51.17 | −6.19 (−7.15 to −5.22) | −5.49 (−6.44 to −4.55) | −5.35 (−6.30 to −4.40) |
| Don't know or refused | 54.03 | −4.24 (−5.31 to −3.17) | −3.55 (−4.63 to −2.48) | −3.44 (−4.51 to −2.37) |
| Non-verbal ability (n=13 533) | ||||
| Richest | 58.44 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 56.60 | −1.62 (−2.35 to −0.89) | −1.56 (−2.28 to −0.83) | −1.54 (−2.26 to −0.81) |
| Band 3 | 55.62 | −2.36 (−3.12 to −1.60) | −2.26 (−3.02 to −1.51) | −2.20 (−2.95 to −1.44) |
| Band 4 | 54.54 | −3.12 (−4.02 to −2.23) | −2.87 (−3.76 to −1.99) | −2.75 (−3.64 to −1.87) |
| Poorest | 53.63 | −3.76 (−4.67 to −2.85) | −3.44 (−4.35 to −2.52) | −3.27 (−4.18 to −2.36) |
| Don't know or refused | 55.89 | −2.06 (−3.06 to −1.07) | −1.76 (−2.75 to −0.77) | −1.64 (−2.63 to −0.65) |
| Spatial ability (n=13 488) | ||||
| Richest | 53.58 | – | – | – |
| Band 2 | 52.39 | −1.04 (−1.72 to −0.36) | −0.97 (−1.65 to −0.29) | −0.95 (−1.62 to −0.28) |
| Band 3 | 51.36 | −1.90 (−2.68 to −1.11) | −1.79 (−2.57 to −1.02) | −1.73 (−2.51 to −0.95) |
| Band 4 | 49.39 | −3.55 (−4.31 to −2.79) | −3.21 (−3.94 to −2.47) | −3.10 (−3.85 to −2.35) |
| Poorest | 48.26 | −4.41 (−5.24 to −3.57) | −4.03 (−4.86 to −3.20) | −3.92 (−4.75 to −3.08) |
| Don't know or refused | 51.32 | −1.78 (−2.75 to −0.82) | −1.39 (−2.35 to −0.44) | −1.28 (−2.24 to −0.32) |
Model A adjusts for: gender, child is firstborn, languages spoken in the home, mother's age at time of birth.
Model B additionally adjusts for: a parent has basic skills difficulties, someone reads stories to the child, help with reading, help with writing, help with numbers, telling stories to the child, visits to the library, musical activities, draws, paints or makes things, regular bedtimes, regular mealtimes.
Model C additionally adjusts for: maternal K6 score, discipline strategies, mother's parenting competence, whether the mother feels close to the child.
↵† Models also adjust for child's age.