| EPI n = 49 | TC n = 38 | 95% CI of difference (EPI-TC) | |
| Male, n (%) | 49 (47%) | 38 (42%) | −16% to 25% |
| Gestation, weeks | 25.7 (1.0) | 39.7 (1.1) | −14.5 to −13.5 |
| Age at test, weeks | 51.1 (8.1) | 48.3 (9.0) | −0.9 to 6.5 |
| FVC Z-score | −1.3 (1.3) | 0.0 (1.3) | −1.8 to −0.7*** |
| FEF25–75% Z-score | −3.3 (1.8) | −1.5 (1.1) | −2.5 to −1.2*** |
| FEV0.5 Z-score | −2.6 (2.0) | −0.7 (1.4) | −2.6 to −1.2*** |
Results are expressed as mean (SD) unless stated.
***p<0.001.
EPI, extremely preterm infants; FEF25–75%, forced expiratory flow in the mid range; FEV0.5, forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; TC, healthy term controls.