| Causes of HH | References |
| Congenital hyperinsulinism (mode of inheritance) | |
| ABCC8 (autosomal recessive and dominant) | 27 29–33 |
| KCNJ11 (autosomal recessive and dominant) | 28 33 34 |
| GLUD1 (dominant) | 21 |
| GCK (dominant) | 35–38 |
| HADH (recessive) | 23 39 40 |
| HNF4A (dominant) | 41 42 45 |
| SLC16A1 (exercise induced) (dominant) | 43 |
| Secondary to (usually transient) | |
| Maternal diabetes mellitus (gestational and insulin dependent) IUGR | 5–7 |
| Perinatal asphyxia | 5 7 |
| Rhesus isoimmunisation | 70 |
| Metabolic conditions | |
| Congenital disorders of glycosylation, type 1a/b/d | 71–73 |
| Tyrosinaemia type I | 74 |
| Associated with syndromes | |
| Beckwith–Wiedemann | 7 8 |
| Soto | 75 |
| Kabuki | 76 |
| Usher | 77 |
| Timothy | 78 |
| Costello | 79 |
| Trisomy 13 | 80 |
| Mosaic Turner | 81 |
| Central hypoventilation syndrome | 82 |
| Other causes | |
| Dumping syndrome | 9 |
| Insulinoma (sporadic or associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1) | 14 |
| Insulin gene receptor mutations | 10 |
| Factitious HH (Munchausen by proxy) | 15 |
ABCC8, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 8 gene; GCK, glucokinase gene; GLUD1, glutamate dehydrogenase gene; HADH, hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene; HNF4A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha gene; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; KCNJ11, potassium inwardly rectifying channel, sub-family J, member 11 gene; SLC16A1, solute carrier family 16, member 1 gene.