| Univariable effects(adj R2 0.027),β coefficient (95% CI) | Multivariable effects† | ||
| Model 1(adj R2 0.081),β coefficient (95% CI) | Final model(adj R2 0.100),β coefficient (95% CI) | ||
| pBMI (kg/m2) | 0.041 (0.030 to 0.053)*** | 0.034 (0.023 to 0.046)*** | 0.031 (0.019 to 0.043)*** |
| <18.5 | −0.46 (−0.69 to −0.23)*** | −0.36 (−0.59 to −0.13)* | −0.36 (−0.58 to −0.13)* |
| 18.5–19.9 | −0.20 (−0.35 to −0.045)* | −0.14 (−0.29 to 0.003) | −0.12 (−0.27 to 0.026) |
| 20–24.9 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 25–29.9 | 0.21 (0.069 to 0.35)** | 0.18 (0.049 to 0.33)* | 0.14 (−0.001 to 0.27) |
| ⩾30 | 0.35 (0.14 to 0.55)** | 0.27 (0.075 to 0.47)* | 0.24 (0.035 to 0.44)* |
| Birth weight (kg) | 0.56 (0.46 to 0.66)*** | 0.60 (0.49 to 0.71)*** | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.75)*** |
| Gestational age (weeks) | −0.23 (−0.63 to −0.018)*** | −0.11 (−0.15 to −0.066)*** | −0.11(−0.15 to −0.067)*** |
| Female gender | −0.38 (−0.48 to −0.28)*** | −0.32 (−0.42 to −0.22)*** | −0.31 (−0.41 to −0.21)*** |
| Duration of breastfeeding | |||
| None | Reference | Reference | |
| <1 month | 0.26 (0.094 to 0.42)* | 0.16 (000 to 0.32)* | |
| 1–3 months | 0.14 (−0.022 to 0.31) | 0.067 (−0.98 to 0.23) | |
| 4–6 months | −0.015 (−0.18 to 0.15) | −0.058 (−0.23 to 0.11) | |
| >6 months | 0.037 (−0.13 to 0.21) | −0.079 (−0.25 to 0.095) | |
| Maternal age (years) | −0.010 (−0.019 to 0.000)* | −0.012 (−0.022 to −0.002)* | |
| Maternal education | |||
| <5 years | 0.18 (0.043 to 0.32)* | – | |
| 5–10 years | −0.044 (−0.15 to 0.065) | ||
| >10 years | Reference | ||
| Ethnicity | |||
| Dutch | Reference | Reference | |
| Surinamese | −0.14 (−0.37 to 0.088) | −0.13 (−0.37 to 0.11) | |
| Moroccan | 0.57 (0.39 to 0.75)*** | 0.46 (0.26 to 0.66)*** | |
| Turkish | 0.61 (0.38 to 0.84)*** | 0.51 (0.27 to 0.75)*** | |
| Other non-Western country | −0.10 (−0.26 to 0.056) | −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.059) | |
| Other Western country | −0.041 (−0.23 to 0.15) | 0.037 (−0.15 to 0.23) | |
†Multivariable effects are results with pBMI continuous in the model.
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
All adjusted for age of the child at measurement BMI 14 months. The residuals from all models were normally distributed and variances were homogeneous. Maternal and paternal height, parity, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, smoking and cohabitant status were not significant associated with BMI of the child at age 14 months in any model.