| Univariable effects(adj R2 0.027),β coefficient (95% CI) | Multivariable effects† | ||
| Model 1(adj R2 0.081),β coefficient (95% CI) | Final model(adj R2 0.100),β coefficient (95% CI) | ||
| pBMI (kg/m2) | 0.017 (−0.008 to 0.042) | −0.004 (−0.027 to 0.019) | 0.006 (−0.017 to 0.029) |
| <18.5 | −0.27 (−0.75 to 0.21) | 0.062 (−0.39 to 0.51) | −0.18 (−0.60 to 0.24) |
| 18.5–19.9 | −0.23 (−0.54 to 0.082) | −0.056 (−0.35 to 0.23) | −0.15 (−0.42 to 0.12) |
| 20–24.9 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 25–29.9 | 0.026 (−0.26 to 0.31) | −0.040 (−0.31 to 0.23) | −0.083 (−0.34 to 0.17) |
| ⩾30 | 0.22 (−0.20 to 0.64) | 0.037 (−0.35 to 0.20) | 0.14 (−0.24 to 0.52) |
| Birth weight (kg) | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1)*** | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0)*** | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7)*** |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 0.23 (0.15 to 0.31)*** | −0.059 (−0.14 to 0.026) | 0.019 (−0.062 to 0.099) |
| Female gender | −1.4 (−1.6 to −1.2)*** | −1.2 (−1.4 to −1.0)*** | −1.3 (−1.4 to −1.0)*** |
| Duration of breastfeeding | |||
| None | Reference | Reference | |
| <1 month | −0.027 (−0.36 to 0.30) | −0.15 (−0.45 to 0.15) | |
| 1–3 months | −0.081 (−0.42 to 0.25) | −0.33 (−0.63 to −0.016)* | |
| 4–6 months | −0.50 (−0.83 to −0.16)* | −0.77 (−1.1 to −0.46)*** | |
| >6 months | −0.59 (−0.94 to −0.24)* | −0.93 (−1.3 to −0.6)*** | |
| Maternal age (years) | −0.027 (−0.046 to −0.008)* | −0.038 (−0.057 to −0.019)*** | |
| Maternal height (cm) | 0.090 (0.077 to 0.10)*** | 0.091 (0.076 to 0.11)*** | |
| Paternal height (cm) | 0.073 (0.061 to 0.085)*** | 0.071 (0.059 to 0.084)*** | |
| Maternal education | |||
| <5 years | 0.39 (0.11 to 0.68)* | 0.51 (0.19 to 0.83)* | |
| 5–10 years | 0.10 (−0.12 to 0.32) | 0.29 (0.078 to 0.51)* | |
| >10 years | Reference | Reference | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Dutch | Reference | Reference | |
| Surinamese | −0.2 (−0.69 to 0.26) | 0.71 (0.25 to 1.2)* | |
| Moroccan | 0.008 (−0.36 to 0.38) | 0.83 (0.44 to 1.2)*** | |
| Turkish | 0.55 (0.080 to 1.0)* | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1)*** | |
| Other non-Western country | 0.32 (−0.002 to 0.65) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.7)*** | |
| Other Western country | −0.41 (−0.79 to −0.026)* | 0.31 (−0.045 to 0.67) | |
†Multivariable effects are results with pBMI continuous in the model.
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
All adjusted for age of the child at measurement height 14 months. The residuals from all models were normally distributed and variances were homogeneous. Parity, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, smoking and cohabitant status were not significant associated with child height at age 14 months in any model.