Final diagnoses of children in cohort
| Diagnosis | Number (%) | |
| Minor infection (n = 339) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 176 (25.1) |
| Viral gastroenteritis | 50 (7.1) | |
| Non-specific viral illness or viral exanthema | 53 (7.5) | |
| Non-specific abdominal pain or mesenteric adenitis | 30 (4.3) | |
| Uncomplicated UTI | 16 (2.3) | |
| Uncomplicated cellulitis | 14 (2.0) | |
| Serious infection (n = 108) | Pneumonia, radiological confirmation | 67 (9.6) |
| Appendicitis, pathological confirmation | 22 (3.1) | |
| Meningococcal disease (5 with microbiological confirmation, 2 diagnosed clinically) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Mastoiditis (2 with bacteraemia) | 3 (0.4) | |
| Other bacteraemia (S pneumoniae from empyema, E coli from UTI, Salmonella typhi from gastroenteritis) | 3 (0.4) | |
| Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome | 2 (0.3) | |
| Meningitis (1 with inflammatory CSF but no microbiological confirmation, 1 diagnosed clinically) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Peri-tonsillar abscess | 1 (0.1) | |
| Kawasaki disease | 1 (0.1) | |
| Intermediate infection (n = 205) | Non-specific viral illness requiring hospital intervention | 42 (6.0) |
| Viral respiratory illness requiring hospital intervention | 31 (4.4) | |
| UTI with systemic symptoms | 30 (4.3) | |
| Febrile seizure due to URTI (26), no focus (12) or non-specific viral illness (9) | 47 | |
| Cellulitis requiring admission or intravenous antibiotics | 21 (3.0) | |
| Viral gastroenteritis requiring hospital intervention | 17 (2.4) | |
| Lower respiratory tract infection diagnosed clinically, without radiological confirmation | 14 (2.0) | |
| Other (reactive arthritis, 1; post-viral cerebellitis, 2) | 3 (0.4) | |
| Not infection (n = 48) | 48 (6.9) |
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection; UTI, urinary tract infection.